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Journal ArticleDOI

Prospective fuels for diesel low temperature combustion engine applications: A critical review:

01 Jul 2021-International Journal of Engine Research (SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England)-Vol. 22, Iss: 7, pp 2071-2106
TL;DR: Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies are most promising to simultaneously reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions from diesel engines along with offering higher thermal efficiency as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies are most promising to simultaneously reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions from diesel engines along with offering higher thermal efficiency...
Citations
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09 Dec 2009
TL;DR: There has been much recent progress in the area of surrogate fuels for diesel as discussed by the authors, but no detailed chemical kinetic models or experimental investigations are available for the iso-alkanes in diesel.
Abstract: There has been much recent progress in the area of surrogate fuels for diesel. In the last few years, experiments and modeling have been performed on higher molecular weight components of relevance to diesel fuel such as n-hexadecane (n-cetane) and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (iso-cetane). Chemical kinetic models have been developed for all the n-alkanes up to 16 carbon atoms. Also, there has been much experimental and modeling work on lower molecular weight surrogate components such as n-decane and n-dodecane that are most relevant to jet fuel surrogates, but are also relevant to diesel surrogates where simulation of the full boiling point range is desired. For two-ring compounds, experimental work on decalin and tetralin recently has been published. For multi-component surrogate fuel mixtures, recent work on modeling of these mixtures and comparisons to real diesel fuel is reviewed. Detailed chemical kinetic models for surrogate fuels are very large in size. Significant progress also has been made in improving the mechanism reduction tools that are needed to make these large models practicable in multi-dimensional reacting flow simulations of diesel combustion. Nevertheless, major research gaps remain. In the case of iso-alkanes, there are experiments and modeling work on only one of relevance to diesel: iso-cetane. Also, the iso-alkanes in diesel are lightly branched and no detailed chemical kinetic models or experimental investigations are available for such compounds. More components are needed to fill out the iso-alkane boiling point range. For the aromatic class of compounds, there has been no new work for compounds in the boiling point range of diesel. Most of the new work has been on alkyl aromatics that are of the range C7 to C8, below the C10 to C20 range that is needed. For the chemical class of cycloalkanes, experiments and modeling on higher molecular weight components are warranted. Finally for multi-component surrogates needed to treat real diesel, the inclusion of higher molecular weight components is needed in models and experimental investigations.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of hydrogen usage on the fuel formulation and engine operation of an automotive turbocharged diesel engine operated with karanja biodiesel blended diesel (B20) as a reference fuel.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: The urgent need for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions has led to the powertrain electrification at different levels such as hybridization or pure electric vehicles. Despite the benefits in term...

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The European Union (EU) has recently adopted new directives to reduce the level of pollutant emissions from non-road mobile machinery engines as discussed by the authors, which is the main scope of project RIVER for which this study was conducted.
Abstract: The European Union (EU) has recently adopted new directives to reduce the level of pollutant emissions from non-road mobile machinery engines. The main scope of project RIVER for which this study i...

9 citations


Cites background from "Prospective fuels for diesel low te..."

  • ...compression ratio [16-17], variable intake conditions [18-20], regulated Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) [21-24] and adjustable fuel blends [25-28]....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe real engine flow and combustion processes, as well as engine operating characteristics and their operation, including engine design and operating parameters, engine characteristics, and operating characteristics.
Abstract: 1 Engine Types and Their Operations 2 Engine Design and Operating Parameters 3 Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures 4 Properties of Working Fluids 5 Ideal Models of Engine Cycles 6 Gas Exchange Processes 7 SI Engine Fuel Metering and Manifold Phenomena 8 Charge Motion within the Cylinder 9 Combustion in Ignition Engines 10 Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines 11 Pollutant Formation and Control 12 Engine Heat Transfer 13 Engine Friction and Lubrication 14 Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion Processes 15 Engine Operating Characteristics Appendixes

14,372 citations


"Prospective fuels for diesel low te..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In LTC, the lean premixed combustion at lower temperatures avoids fuel cracking that occurs in oxygen deficient environments preferably at higher temperatures leading to the formation of soot precursors.(4,48,49) The operating regimes of the diesel LTC strategies, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), high exhaust gas recirculation (High EGR) LTC, premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI)(42) are selected to completely by-pass the NOx and soot formation zones....

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  • ...Among these, the two most successful variants are the Spark Ignition (SI) engine, fueled by gasoline, and the Compression Ignition (CI) engine fueled by diesel fuel.(4) Both conventional combustion systems have limitations which restrict their performance....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the production, characterization and current statuses of vegetable oil and biodiesel as well as the experimental research work carried out in various countries is presented.

2,891 citations


"Prospective fuels for diesel low te..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In the current scenario, a few countries like Brazil, USA, Canada and India use alcohol (primarily ethanol) with conventional fuels in certain proportions.(115) Results obtained in a two stroke HCCI engine with methanol show it to be useful as a potential fuel that can address a few of the core challenges, including a narrow operating load range....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological description of how direct-injection (DI) diesel combustion occurs has been derived from laser-sheet imaging and other recent optical data, which is summarized in a series of idealized schematics that depict the combustion process for a typical, modern-diesel-engine condition.
Abstract: A phenomenological description, or “conceptual model,” of how direct-injection (DI) diesel combustion occurs has been derived from laser-sheet imaging and other recent optical data. To provide background, the most relevant of the recent imaging data of the author and co-workers are presented and discussed, as are the relationships between the various imaging measurements. Where appropriate, other supporting data from the literature is also discussed. Then, this combined information is summarized in a series of idealized schematics that depict the combustion process for a typical, modern-diesel-engine condition. The schematics incorporate virtually all of the information provided by our recent imaging data including: liquidand vapor-fuel zones, fuel/air mixing, autoignition, reaction zones, and soot distributions. By combining all these elements, the schematics show the evolution of a reacting diesel fuel jet from the start of fuel injection up through the first part of the mixing-controlled burn (i.e. until the end of fuel injection). In addition, for a “developed” reacting diesel fuel jet during the mixingcontrolled burn, the schematics explain the sequence of events that occurs as fuel moves from the injector downstream through the mixing, combustion, and emissions-formation processes. The conceptual model depicted in these schematics also gives insight into the most likely mechanisms for soot formation and destruction and NO formation during the portion of the DI diesel combustion event discussed.

1,109 citations


"Prospective fuels for diesel low te..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Conceptual model of conventional diesel combustion.(14)...

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  • ...A conceptual model of diesel combustion proposed by Dec is shown in Figure 1.(14) It provides an understanding of the NOx and soot formation mechanisms in conventional diesel combustion, wherein a high temperature diffusion flame and fuel rich regions during the diffusion phase combustion leads to NOx and soot formation, respectively....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, five types of models applied to HCCI engine modelling are discussed in the present paper, and specific strategies for diesel-fuelled, gasoline-fined, and other alternative fuelled combustion are also discussed.

1,068 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1979
TL;DR: Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) as discussed by the authors is a new lean combustion process for internal combustion engines that differs from conventional gasoline and diesel engine combustion processes.
Abstract: A new lean combustion process for internal combustion engines has been developed. This newly devised combustion system, designated as "Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion" (ATAC), differs from conventional gasoline and diesel engine combustion processes. ATAC can be applied most easily to two-stroke cycle gasoline engines. Stable combustion can be achieved with lean mixtures at part-throttle operation. With ATAC the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of two-stroke cycle spark-ignition engines are remarkably improved, and noise and vibration are reduced.

956 citations