Protection from H1N1 influenza virus infections in mice by supplementation with selenium: a comparison with selenium-deficient mice.
TL;DR: The data indicate that selenium supplementation may provide a feasible approach to improving the immune response to viral infections, such as lethal influenza infection.
Abstract: The present paper describes protective effects of supplemental selenium in mice infected with influenza virus. The effects of supplemental selenium on serum selenium levels, mortality, lung virus titers, and cytokine titers were investigated in mice inoculated intranasally with suspensions of influenza virus. Whereas the mortality of the virus-infected Se-deficient mice was 75%, along with a marked reduction in body weight, lower levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and lower serum selenium concentrations, the mortality of mice maintained on feed containing 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of sodium selenite was 25%.There were no significantly differences, however, in viral titer between the Se-adequate and the selenium-supplemented groups. The data indicate that selenium supplementation may provide a feasible approach to improving the immune response to viral infections, such as lethal influenza infection.
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14 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Although there is no single food to prevent coronavirus, the aim is to follow a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors in order to target both inflammation and thrombosis and try to avoid or/and reduce the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Abstract: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals), phytonutrients and Mediterranean diet compounds (olive oil, fish, honey, plant foods) with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/ or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, although there is no single food to prevent coronavirus, the aim is to follow a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors in order to target both inflammation and thrombosis and try to avoid or/and reduce the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 epidemic.
4 citations
TL;DR: The regulatory role of selenium metabolism in immune cells and immune‐associated diseases is introduced.
Abstract: Selenium, as one of the essential microelements, plays an irreplaceable role in metabolism regulation and cell survival. Selenium metabolism and regulation have great effects on physiological systems especially the immune system. Therefore, selenium is tightly related to various diseases like cancer. Although recent research works have revealed much about selenium metabolism, the ways in which selenium regulates immune cells' functions and immune‐associated diseases still remain much unclear. In this review, we will briefly introduce the regulatory role of selenium metabolism in immune cells and immune‐associated diseases.
4 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief overview of the complexity of viral replications and then focus specifically on influenza virus and what is known and unknown about the interaction of nutritional conditions on influenza infection and vaccination, with a special focus on micronutrient contributions.
Abstract: Each year, influenza virus infects 3–5 million people with over 500,000 global deaths due to influenza-related complications. Adequate nutrition is essential for both the innate and adaptive immune response to influenza infection as well as vaccination efforts to reduce disease burden. Nutritional conditions such as undernutrition, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies increase risk for influenza infection in adults and children alike. Further, influenza infection is known to influence nutritional status in a complex and vicious cycle. This review will provide a brief overview of the complexity of viral replications and then focus specifically on influenza virus and what is known and unknown about the interaction of nutritional conditions on influenza infection and vaccination, with a special focus on micronutrient contributions. Healthy nutritional status is vital for protection and resolution of influenza infections as well as other viral infections, and further work is necessary to understand and develop the potential for beneficial nutritional interventions against viral infections.
4 citations
4 citations
Cites background from "Protection from H1N1 influenza viru..."
...Other established cases of chemoprotective antiviral effects of dietary selenium include reduction in incidence of mammary tumors caused by MMTV, a retrovirus [33], the incidence of liver cancer and hepatitis in China linked to hepatitis B virus [34], and Keshan disease myocarditis linked to coxsackievirus, which becomes more virulent when combined with selenium deficiency [35]; similar effects have been reported for influenza virus [36, 37]....
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized the nanoparticle delivery system and the food nanotechnology in the field of functional food and put forward corresponding views on the application, basic principle, and latest development of nano-functional food.
Abstract: A functional food is a kind of food with special physiological effects that can improve health status or reduce illness. However, the active ingredients in functional foods are usually very low due to the instability and easy degradation of some nutrients. Therefore, improving the utilization rate of the effective ingredients in functional food has become the key problem. Nanomaterials have been widely used and studied in many fields due to their small size effect, high specific surface area, high target activity, and other characteristics. Therefore, it is a feasible method to process and modify functional food using nanotechnology. In this review, we summarize the nanoparticle delivery system and the food nanotechnology in the field of functional food. We also summarize and prospect the application, basic principle, and latest development of nano-functional food and put forward corresponding views.
4 citations
References
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18 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms, and Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition.
Abstract: Lack of adequate macronutrients or selected micronutrients, especially zinc, selenium, iron, and the antioxidant vitamins, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and infections in children. Undernutrition in critical periods of gestation and neonatal maturation and during weaning impairs the development and differentiation of a normal immune system. Infections are both more frequent and more often become chronic in the malnourished child. Recent identification of genetic mechanisms is revealing critical pathways in the gastrointestinal immune response. New studies show that the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms. Nutrients act as antioxidants and as cofactors at the level of cytokine regulation. Protein calorie malnutrition and zinc deficiency activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids cause thymic atrophy and affect hematopoiesis. Chronic undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency compromise cytokine response and affect immune cell trafficking. The combination of chronic undernutrition and infection further weakens the immune response, leading to altered immune cell populations and a generalized increase in inflammatory mediators. Obesity caused by excess nutrition or excess storage of fats relative to energy expenditure is a form of malnutrition that is increasingly seen in children. Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition. Because the immune system is immature at birth, malnutrition in childhood might have long-term effects on health.
427 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms, and Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition.
Abstract: Lack of adequate macronutrients or selected micronutrients, especially zinc, selenium, iron, and the antioxidant vitamins, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and infections in children. Undernutrition in critical periods of gestation and neonatal maturation and during weaning impairs the development and differentiation of a normal immune system. Infections are both more frequent and more often become chronic in the malnourished child. Recent identification of genetic mechanisms is revealing critical pathways in the gastrointestinal immune response. New studies show that the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms. Nutrients act as antioxidants and as cofactors at the level of cytokine regulation. Protein calorie malnutrition and zinc deficiency activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids cause thymic atrophy and affect hematopoiesis. Chronic undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency compromise cytokine response and affect immune cell trafficking. The combination of chronic undernutrition and infection further weakens the immune response, leading to altered immune cell populations and a generalized increase in inflammatory mediators. Obesity caused by excess nutrition or excess storage of fats relative to energy expenditure is a form of malnutrition that is increasingly seen in children. Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition. Because the immune system is immature at birth, malnutrition in childhood might have long-term effects on health.
409 citations
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of a specific nutritional deficiency driving changes in a viral genome, permitting an avirulent virus to acquire virulence due to genetic mutation.
Abstract: Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that selenium deficiency in the mouse allows a normally benign (amyocarditic) cloned and sequenced Coxackievirus to cause significant heart damage. Furthermore, Coxsackievirus recovered from the hearts of selenium-deficient mice inoculated into selenium-adequate mice still induced significant heart damage, suggesting that the amyocarditic Coxsackievirus had mutated to a virulent phenotype. Here we report that sequence analysis revealed six nucleotide changes between the virulent virus recovered from the selenium-deficient host and the avirulent input virus. These nucleotide changes are consistent with known differences in base composition between virulent and avirulent strains of Coxsackievirus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a specific nutritional deficiency driving changes in a viral genome, permitting an avirulent virus to acquire virulence due to genetic mutation.
374 citations
TL;DR: A role for endogenously expressed Trp1 in regulating a Ca2-selective current activated upon Ca2+ store depletion is supported.
Abstract: SPECIFIC AIMTo determine whether host selenium (Se) deficiency can induce changes in the genome of a replicating influenza virus such that a normally mild virus converts into a more virulent strain and to characterize such genomic changes.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Replication of a mild strain of influenza virus in Se-deficient mice results in a novel virulent strain that causes severe lung pathology even when passed into Se-adequate miceSe-deficient mice developed much more severe lung pathology postinfection with influenza virus than Se-adequate infected mice. To determine whether host factors or viral factors were responsible for the increased pathogenicity of influenza virus that had replicated in Se-deficient mice, a passage experiment was performed. We infected groups of Se-adequate and Se-deficient mice with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2). At 5 days postinfection, the mice were killed and virus was recovered from the lungs. Five separate isolates from each group of mice were used to inoculate five indiv...
262 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that host nutritional status can influence not only the host response to the pathogen, but can also influence the genetic make-up of the viral genome.
244 citations