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Journal ArticleDOI

Protection from H1N1 influenza virus infections in mice by supplementation with selenium: a comparison with selenium-deficient mice.

01 Jun 2011-Biological Trace Element Research (Humana Press Inc)-Vol. 141, Iss: 1, pp 254-261
TL;DR: The data indicate that selenium supplementation may provide a feasible approach to improving the immune response to viral infections, such as lethal influenza infection.
Abstract: The present paper describes protective effects of supplemental selenium in mice infected with influenza virus. The effects of supplemental selenium on serum selenium levels, mortality, lung virus titers, and cytokine titers were investigated in mice inoculated intranasally with suspensions of influenza virus. Whereas the mortality of the virus-infected Se-deficient mice was 75%, along with a marked reduction in body weight, lower levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and lower serum selenium concentrations, the mortality of mice maintained on feed containing 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of sodium selenite was 25%.There were no significantly differences, however, in viral titer between the Se-adequate and the selenium-supplemented groups. The data indicate that selenium supplementation may provide a feasible approach to improving the immune response to viral infections, such as lethal influenza infection.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Following a balanced diet and supplementation with proper nutrients may play a vital role in prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19, however, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and presenting the strong recommendations against this pandemic.
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by coronavirus with mild to severe respiratory symptoms. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of nutrients on the immune system an...

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: expression levels and translation of mRNAs encoding stress-related selenoproteins were shown to be up-regulated by increased selenium status, as were genes involved in inflammation and response to interferon-γ, which are consistent with previous reports indicating that adequate Selenium levels can support beneficial immune responses.
Abstract: Selenium is an essential element that is required to support a number of cellular functions and biochemical pathways. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of reduced dietary selenium levels on gene expression to assess changes in expression of non-selenoprotein genes that may contribute to the physiological consequences of selenium deficiency. Mice were fed diets that were either deficient in selenium or supplemented with selenium in the form of sodium selenite for six weeks. Differences in liver mRNA expression and translation were measured using a combination of ribosome profiling, RNA-Seq, microarrays, and qPCR. Expression levels and translation of mRNAs encoding stress-related selenoproteins were shown to be up-regulated by increased selenium status, as were genes involved in inflammation and response to interferon-γ. Changes in serum cytokine levels were measured which confirmed that interferon-γ, as well as IL-6, were increased in selenium adequate mice. Finally, microarray and qPCR analysis of lung tissue demonstrated that the selenium effects on immune function are not limited to liver. These data are consistent with previous reports indicating that adequate selenium levels can support beneficial immune responses, and further identify the IL-6 and interferon-γ pathways as being responsive to dietary selenium intake.

64 citations


Cites background from "Protection from H1N1 influenza viru..."

  • ...Se-deficiency has also been shown to increase the pathology of influenza viral infections in animal models [30,31], and a rare study in humans revealed that Se supplements increased the cellular immune response to poliovirus vaccination through increased production of cytokines, T-cell proliferation, and more rapid viral clearance [32]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2022
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans is presented in this paper , where the results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental model in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases.
Abstract: Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities.Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease.This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases.In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases.The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the current evidence on the role of selenium in COVID-19, and found that selenIUM deficiency is related to oxidative stress and hyperinflammation seen in critical illness.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease caused by a highly contagious virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and this disease has affected millions of people across the world and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide Nutrition is a key factor related to this disease, and nutritional status may determine the risk and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection Selenium is one of the major trace elements required for redox functions and has significant roles in viral infections The purpose of this review was to examine the current evidence on the role of selenium in COVID-19 We reviewed studies on selenium and COVID-19, and other relevant studies to understand how selenium status can modify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how selenium status might affect a person post-infection We found that oxidative stress is a characteristic feature of COVID-19 disease, which is linked with the immunopathological disorder observed in individuals with severe COVID-19 Selenium plays a key role in strengthening immunity, reducing oxidative stress, preventing viral infections and supporting critical illness Moreover, selenium deficiency is related to oxidative stress and hyperinflammation seen in critical illness, and selenium deficiency is found to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease Selenium supplementation at an appropriate dose may act as supportive therapy in COVID-19 Future studies in large cohorts of COVID-19 are warranted to verify the benefits of selenium supplementation for reducing risk and severity of COVID-19

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current status of Se in combating different viruses, as well as the potential application of nano-selenium (nanoSe) in combating COVID-19 are highlighted.

48 citations


Cites background from "Protection from H1N1 influenza viru..."

  • ...Cheng et al. [14] found that the moderate supplementation of Se could increase the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in vivo, thus improving the immune response against A/NWS/33 (H1N1) influenza virus....

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  • ...(14) found that the moderate supplementation of Se could increase the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in vivo, thus improving the immune response against A/NWS/33 (H1N1) influenza virus....

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  • ...Se fights against different viruses Se has long been found to be directly involved in fighting against different viruses (3; 14-23) like influenza virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), coxsackie virus, and human immunodefiency virus (HIV) (Table 1)....

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  • ...Table 1 Examples of Se against viruses Viruses Abbreviations Reference A/NWS/33 influenza virus H1N1 (14)...

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References
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18 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms, and Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition.
Abstract: Lack of adequate macronutrients or selected micronutrients, especially zinc, selenium, iron, and the antioxidant vitamins, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and infections in children. Undernutrition in critical periods of gestation and neonatal maturation and during weaning impairs the development and differentiation of a normal immune system. Infections are both more frequent and more often become chronic in the malnourished child. Recent identification of genetic mechanisms is revealing critical pathways in the gastrointestinal immune response. New studies show that the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms. Nutrients act as antioxidants and as cofactors at the level of cytokine regulation. Protein calorie malnutrition and zinc deficiency activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids cause thymic atrophy and affect hematopoiesis. Chronic undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency compromise cytokine response and affect immune cell trafficking. The combination of chronic undernutrition and infection further weakens the immune response, leading to altered immune cell populations and a generalized increase in inflammatory mediators. Obesity caused by excess nutrition or excess storage of fats relative to energy expenditure is a form of malnutrition that is increasingly seen in children. Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition. Because the immune system is immature at birth, malnutrition in childhood might have long-term effects on health.

427 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms, and Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition.
Abstract: Lack of adequate macronutrients or selected micronutrients, especially zinc, selenium, iron, and the antioxidant vitamins, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and infections in children. Undernutrition in critical periods of gestation and neonatal maturation and during weaning impairs the development and differentiation of a normal immune system. Infections are both more frequent and more often become chronic in the malnourished child. Recent identification of genetic mechanisms is revealing critical pathways in the gastrointestinal immune response. New studies show that the development of tolerance, control of inflammation, and response to normal mucosal flora are interrelated and linked to specific immune mechanisms. Nutrients act as antioxidants and as cofactors at the level of cytokine regulation. Protein calorie malnutrition and zinc deficiency activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids cause thymic atrophy and affect hematopoiesis. Chronic undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency compromise cytokine response and affect immune cell trafficking. The combination of chronic undernutrition and infection further weakens the immune response, leading to altered immune cell populations and a generalized increase in inflammatory mediators. Obesity caused by excess nutrition or excess storage of fats relative to energy expenditure is a form of malnutrition that is increasingly seen in children. Leptin is emerging as a cytokine-like immune regulator that has complex effects in both overnutrition and in the inflammatory response in malnutrition. Because the immune system is immature at birth, malnutrition in childhood might have long-term effects on health.

409 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of a specific nutritional deficiency driving changes in a viral genome, permitting an avirulent virus to acquire virulence due to genetic mutation.
Abstract: Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that selenium deficiency in the mouse allows a normally benign (amyocarditic) cloned and sequenced Coxackievirus to cause significant heart damage. Furthermore, Coxsackievirus recovered from the hearts of selenium-deficient mice inoculated into selenium-adequate mice still induced significant heart damage, suggesting that the amyocarditic Coxsackievirus had mutated to a virulent phenotype. Here we report that sequence analysis revealed six nucleotide changes between the virulent virus recovered from the selenium-deficient host and the avirulent input virus. These nucleotide changes are consistent with known differences in base composition between virulent and avirulent strains of Coxsackievirus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a specific nutritional deficiency driving changes in a viral genome, permitting an avirulent virus to acquire virulence due to genetic mutation.

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A role for endogenously expressed Trp1 in regulating a Ca2-selective current activated upon Ca2+ store depletion is supported.
Abstract: SPECIFIC AIMTo determine whether host selenium (Se) deficiency can induce changes in the genome of a replicating influenza virus such that a normally mild virus converts into a more virulent strain and to characterize such genomic changes.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Replication of a mild strain of influenza virus in Se-deficient mice results in a novel virulent strain that causes severe lung pathology even when passed into Se-adequate miceSe-deficient mice developed much more severe lung pathology postinfection with influenza virus than Se-adequate infected mice. To determine whether host factors or viral factors were responsible for the increased pathogenicity of influenza virus that had replicated in Se-deficient mice, a passage experiment was performed. We infected groups of Se-adequate and Se-deficient mice with influenza A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2). At 5 days postinfection, the mice were killed and virus was recovered from the lungs. Five separate isolates from each group of mice were used to inoculate five indiv...

262 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that host nutritional status can influence not only the host response to the pathogen, but can also influence the genetic make-up of the viral genome.

244 citations