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Journal ArticleDOI

Proteomic Analysis of Aphid-Resistant and -Sensitive Rose (Rosa Hybrida) Cultivars at Two Developmental Stages.

25 May 2018-Proteome (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 25
TL;DR: Four cut rose cultivars which were bred in Korea and were either resistant or sensitive to aphid infestation at different flower developmental stages were compared and proteins related to ubiquitin metabolism and the stress response were differentially expressed.
Abstract: The rose is one the most commercially grown and costly ornamental plants because of its aesthetic beauty and aroma. A large number of pests attack its buds, flowers, leaves, and stem at every growing stage due to its high sugar content. The most common pest on roses are aphids which are considered to be the major cause for product loss. Aphid infestations lead to major changes in rose plants, such as large and irregular holes in petals, intact leaves and devouring tissues. It is hypothesized that different cut rose cultivars would have different levels of sensitivity or resistance to aphids, since different levels of infestation are observed in commercially cut rose production greenhouses. The present work compared four cut rose cultivars which were bred in Korea and were either resistant or sensitive to aphid infestation at different flower developmental stages. An integrative study was conducted using comprehensive proteome analyses. Proteins related to ubiquitin metabolism and the stress response were differentially expressed due to aphid infestation. The regulations and possible functions of identified proteins are presented in detail. The differential expressions of the identified proteins were validated by immunoblotting and blue native page. In addition, total sugar and carbohydrate content were also observed.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will provide a concise summary of application of 'omic' technologies and their utilization in plant and sap-sucking insect interaction studies, and provide a perspective on the integration of 'omics' data in uncovering novel plant defense mechanisms against sap-magnifying insect pests.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To exploit knowledge obtained so far, knocking out/down candidate aphid S genes using CRISPR/Cas9 or RNAi techniques in crops is suggested to evaluate if this will be sufficient to keep the aphid pest at economically viable levels without severe pleiotropic effects.
Abstract: Aphids are phloem sap-feeding insects common as pests in various crops. Here we review 62 omics studies of aphid/plant interactions to search for indications of how aphids may manipulate the plants to make them more suitable as hosts, i.e. more susceptible. Our aim is to try to reveal host plant susceptibility (S) genes, knowledge which can be exploited for making a plant more resistant to its pest by using new plant breeding techniques to knock out or down such S genes. S genes may be of two types, those that are involved in reducing functional plant defense and those involved in further increasing plant factors that are positive to the aphid, such as facilitated access to food or improved nutritional quality. Approximately 40% of the omics studies we have reviewed indicate how aphids may modify their host to their advantage. To exploit knowledge obtained so far, we suggest knocking out/down candidate aphid S genes using CRISPR/Cas9 or RNAi techniques in crops to evaluate if this will be sufficient to keep the aphid pest at economically viable levels without severe pleiotropic effects. As a complement, we also propose functional studies of recessively inherited resistance previously discovered in some aphid-crop combinations, to potentially identify new types of S genes that later could be knocked out or down also in other crops to improve their resistance to aphids.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hormone and metabolite analyses and RNA-Seq analysis of plant transcriptomes were utilized to delineate defense networks induced by aphid feeding in SxK switchgrass and pinpoint plant transcription factors (TFs) that potentially regulate these responses.
Abstract: Aphid herbivory elicits plant defense-related networks that are influenced by host genetics. Plants of the upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivar Summer can be a suitable host for greenbug aphids (Schizaphis graminum; GB), and yellow sugarcane aphids (Sipha flava, YSA), whereas the lowland cultivar Kanlow exhibited multi-species resistance that curtails aphid reproduction. However, stabilized hybrids of Summer (♀) x Kanlow (♂) (SxK) with improved agronomics can be damaged by both aphids. Here, hormone and metabolite analyses, coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of plant transcriptomes, were utilized to delineate defense networks induced by aphid feeding in SxK switchgrass and pinpoint plant transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKYs that potentially regulate these responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were significantly higher in GB infested plants at 5 and 10 days after infestation (DAI). ABA levels were highest at 15DAI in YSA infested plants. Jasmonic acid levels were significantly elevated under GB infestation, while salicylic acid levels were signifi40cantly elevated only at 15 DAI in YSA infested plants. Similarly, levels of several metabolites were altered in common or specifically to each aphid. YSA infestation induced a significant enrichment of flavonoids consistent with an upregulation of many genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis at 15DAI. Gene co-expression modules that responded singly to either aphid or in common to both aphids were differentiated and linked to specific TFs. Together, these data provide important clues into the interplay of metabolism and transcriptional remodeling accompanying defense responses to aphid herbivory in hybrid switchgrass.

12 citations


Cites background from "Proteomic Analysis of Aphid-Resista..."

  • ...Although several components of defense responses are conserved among multiple plant species, plant genotype, environment, and other factors can lead to variations in the cellular metabolism of the same hosts challenged by insect herbivores (Coppola et al., 2013; Maag et al., 2015a; CastanoDuque and Luthe, 2018; Muneer et al., 2018; Sanchez-Arcos et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2019)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the elevated accumulation of H2O2 and the strong upregulation of the antioxidant genes in sorghum may have contributed to host plant resistance in Tx2783 against sugarcane aphid but the weak expression of those antioxidant genesIn Tx7000 resulted in the failure of attempting defense against Sugarcane Aphid.
Abstract: Sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) is a phloem-feeding insect that severely affects the growth and productivity of sorghum and other related crops. While a growing body of knowledge is accumulat...

9 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In most fungal pathogen–plant systems, a high level of sugars in plant tissues enhances plant resistance, and some sugars act as priming agents inducing higher plant resistance to pathogens.
Abstract: In most fungal pathogen–plant systems, a high level of sugars in plant tissues enhances plant resistance. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of “high-sugar resistance”. Sugars constitute the primary substrate providing energy and structural material for defense responses in plants, while they may also act as signal molecules interacting with the hormonal signaling network regulating the plant immune system. Sugars enhance oxidative burst at early stages of infection, increasing lignification of cell walls, stimulate the synthesis of flavonoids and induce certain PR proteins. Some sugars act as priming agents inducing higher plant resistance to pathogens.

208 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2006-Planta
TL;DR: The profiles of sorghum genes, responsive to greenbug phloem-feeding shared common identities with other expression profiles known to be elicited by diverse stresses, including pathogenesis, abiotic stress, and wounding.
Abstract: The phloem-feeding by greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) elicits unique interactions with their host plants. To investigate the expression profiles of sorghum genes responsive to greenbug feeding, two subtractive cDNA libraries were constructed through different combinatorial subtractions in a strong greenbug resistance sorghum M627 line and a susceptible Tx7000 line with or without greenbug infestation. A total of 3,508 cDNAs were selected from the two cDNA libraries, and subsequent cDNA microarray and northern blot analyses were performed for identification of sorghum genes responsive to greenbugs. In total, 157 sorghum transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed by greenbug feeding. The greenbug responsive genes were isolated and classified into nine categories according to the functional roles in plant metabolic pathways, such as defense, signal transduction, cell wall fortification, oxidative burst/stress, photosynthesis, development, cell maintenance, abiotic stress, and unknown function. Overall, the profiles of sorghum genes, responsive to greenbug phloem-feeding shared common identities with other expression profiles known to be elicited by diverse stresses, including pathogenesis, abiotic stress, and wounding. In addition to well-known defense related regulators such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, auxin and gibberellic acid were also involved in mediation of the defense responses against greenbug phloem-feeding in sorghum.

169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first linkage maps of the rose genome provide a tool for further genetic analyses of horticulturally important genes as, for example, resistance genes and a starting point for marker-assisted breeding in roses.
Abstract: A segregating population of diploid rose hybrids (2n = 2x = 14) was used to construct the first linkage maps of the rose genome. A total of 305 RAPD and AFLP markers were analysed in a population of 60 F1 plants based on a so-called ”double-pseudotestcross” design. Of these markers 278 could be located on the 14 linkage groups of the two maps, covering total map lengths of 326 and 370 cM, respectively. The average distances between markers in the maps for 93/1–117 and 93/1–119 is 2.4 and 2.6 cM, respectively. In addition to the molecular markers, genes controlling two phenotypic characters, petal number (double versus single flowers) and flower colour (pink versus white), were mapped on linkage groups 3 and 2, respectively. The markers closest to the gene for double flowers, Blfo, and to the gene for pink flower colour, Blfa, cosegregated without recombinants. The maps provide a tool for further genetic analyses of horticulturally important genes as, for example, resistance genes and a starting point for marker-assisted breeding in roses.

168 citations


"Proteomic Analysis of Aphid-Resista..." refers background in this paper

  • ...About 30,000–35,000 rose cultivars are bred throughout the world [1,2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of inhibitory studies using diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a suicide inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, strongly suggested a possible signalling role for H( 2)O(2) during RWA resistance response by activation of downstream defence enzymes.

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the phloem is actively involved in multiple adjustments, recruiting metabolic pathways and in structural changes far from aphid feeding sites, and suggest that thephloem displays specific mechanisms that may not be induced in other tissues.
Abstract: Little is known about the molecular processes involved in the phloem response to aphid feeding. We investigated molecular responses to aphid feeding on celery (Apium graveolenscv. Dulce) plants infested with the aphid Myzus persicae, as a means of identifying changes in phloem function. We used celery as our model species as it is easy to separate the phloem from the surrounding tissues in the petioles of mature leaves of this species. We generated a total of 1187 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), corresponding to 891 non-redundant genes. We analysed these ESTs in silico after cDNA macroarray hybridisation. Aphid feeding led to significant increase in RNA accumulation for 126 different genes. Different patterns of deregulation were observed, including transitory or stable induction 3 or 7 days after infestation. The genes affected belonged to various functional categories and were induced systemically in the phloem after infestation. In particular, genes involved in cell wall modification, water transport, vitamin biosynthesis, photosynthesis, carbon assimilation and nitrogen and carbon mobilisation were up-regulated in the phloem. Further analysis of the response in the phloem or xylem suggested that a component of the response was developed more specifically in the phloem. However, this component was different from the stress responses in the phloem driven by pathogen infection. Our results indicate that the phloem is actively involved in multiple adjustments, recruiting metabolic pathways and in structural changes far from aphid feeding sites. However, they also suggest that the phloem displays specific mechanisms that may not be induced in other tissues.

152 citations