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Journal ArticleDOI

Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes

01 Jul 1999-Process Biochemistry (Elsevier)-Vol. 34, Iss: 5, pp 451-465
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review of the use of sorbents and biosorbents to treat polluted aqueous effluents containing dyes:organics or metal ions has been conducted.
About: This article is published in Process Biochemistry.The article was published on 1999-07-01. It has received 13746 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sorption.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of second-order kinetic expressions is described in this paper based on the solid adsorption capacity, which shows that a pseudo-second-order rate expression has been widely applied to the Adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions onto adsorbents.

3,458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here.

2,979 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biosorbents widely used for heavy metal removal were reviewed, mainly focusing on their cellular structure, biosorption performance, their pretreatment, modification, regeneration/reuse, modeling of biosor adaptation (isotherm and kinetic models), the development of novel biosorbent, their evaluation, potential application and future.

2,281 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2004
TL;DR: The theoretical results (derived equations) show that the observed rate constants of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models are combinations of adsorption and desorption rate constants and also initial concentration of solute.
Abstract: The kinetics of sorption from a solution onto an adsorbent has been explored theoretically. The general analytical solution was obtained for two cases. It has been shown that at high initial concentration of solute (sorbate) the general equation converts to a pseudo-first-order model and at lower initial concentration of solute it converts to a pseudo-second-order model. In other words, the sorption process obeys pseudo-first-order kinetics at high initial concentration of solute, while it obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics model at lower initial concentration of solute. The theoretical results (derived equations) show that the observed rate constants of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models are combinations of adsorption and desorption rate constants and also initial concentration of solute. The obtained theoretical equations are used to correlate experimental data for sorption kinetics of some solutes on various sorbents. The predictions of the theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

1,860 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines a wide variety of microorganisms (fungi, yeasts, bacteria, etc.), which are capable of uptake of organic pollutants, discusses various mechanisms involved in biosorption, discusses the effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, concentrations of organic pollutant, other ions, and biomass in solution, pretreatment method, etc.

1,825 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
24 Feb 1956-Science

78 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In order to derive the rate constant for the pseudosecond order sorption mechanism: The peat-copper reaction may be represented in two ways [41]:...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of several factors on both rate and amount of this uptake has been studied, including concentration of leaves, concentration of cadmium, pH, competing ions and drying leaves.
Abstract: Uptake of cadmium from aqueous solutions by beech leaves has been studied. The effect of several factors on both rate and amount of this uptake has been studied. These factors include concentration of leaves, concentration of cadmium, pH, competing ions and drying leaves. The pattern of the curves showing the loss of cadmium from solution has been explained. Applicability of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm on the present results has been examined and the parameters of this isotherm have been calculated. The order of reaction between cadmium ions and beech leaves has been determined and a mechanism for this reaction has been suggested.

77 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[27] reported that the uptake of cadmium(II) on beech leaves is a first order reaction with respect to cadmium(II) and the rate-limiting step is mainly diffusion....

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  • ...[27], the sorption of phosphate onto the tamarind nut shell...

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  • ...[27] reported that the sorption of cadmium(II) on beech leaves is a first order reaction based on the solution concentration with respect to cadmium(II)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Lagergren equation and the intraparticle diffusion rate equation were derived from which adsorption rate constants, diffusion rate constants and diffusion coefficients were determined.
Abstract: The factors affecting the rate processes involved in the removal of phenolic compounds, eg initial phenol concentration, particle size, impregnation of fly ash (IFA), pH and temperature have been studied The removal rate of phenols varied in the order p-nitrophenol > m-nitrophenol > o-nitrophenol > p-cresol > phenol > m-cresol > o-cresol The process followed first order rate kinetics The sorption data generally fit the Lagergren equation and the intraparticle diffusion rate equation from which adsorption rate constants, diffusion rate constants and diffusion coefficients were determined Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step These kinetic parameters were compared for various phenols under different conditions using fly ash (FA) and impregnated fly ash (IFA)

75 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[57] Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Paraquat 1st order Singh and Rawat [38] Fly ash and Impregnated fly ash Phenol, o-Cresol, m-Cresol, p-Cresol, o-Nitrophenol, m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol Cr(VI) 1st order Bi2O3 Bhutani and Kumari [39] 1st order Cd(II) Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [58] 2nd order Sharma and Forster Leaf mould Cr(VI) [14] 0....

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  • ...Intraparticle diffusion was found to be rate-limiting following the pseudo-first order sorption rate expression of Lagergren [38]....

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  • ...Taylor et al. [33] reported that zinc sorption kinetics by 12 Alabama soils was best described by the Elovich equa- Table 1 Comparison of mechanisms of sorption from the literature Solute ModelSorbent Reference Bhattacharya ands1st orderCd(II)Giridih coal and Coconut shell Venkobachar [2] Cr(VI) 1st orderFly ash/Wollastonite Panday et al. [42] Panday et al. [43]1st orderFly ash Cu(II) 2nd order Gosset et al. [12]Peat Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Dzombak and Morel2nd orderHydrous ferric oxide Cd(II) [20] Victoria Blue 1st orderFly ash Khare et al. [34] Ho and McKay [44]2nd orderPeat Pb(II) 1st order Singh et al. [35]Wollastonite Fe(II) Gupta et al. [45]s1st orderFly ash OCRME 1st order Gupta et al. [45]1:1 Fly ash and coal OCRME 1st order Chaturvedi et al. [46]Fly ash Floride CN− 2nd orderPeat Cancela et al. [47] Sharma et al. [7]Ni(II)Wollastonite 1st order Sharma et al. [8]1st orderChina clay Ni(II) Cr(VI) s1st orderGroundnut husk carbon Periasamy et al. [48] Namasivayam and1st orderBanana pith Acid violet Kanchana [49] Cd(II) *1st orderBeech leaves Salim et al. [27] s1st order Rao et al. [50]Coconut shell carbons Cr(VI) Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderBiogas residual slurry Congo Red muna [51] 1st order Namasivayam and Ya-Rhodamine-BBiogas residual slurry muna [52] 1st order Yamuna and Namasi-Biogas residual slurry Acid Brilliant Blue vayam [53] 1st order Namasivayam and Peri-Peanut hull carbon Hg(II) asamy [54] Orhan and Büyükgün-Cr(VI), Cd(II), Al(III)Waste tea, Turkish coffee, Exhausted coffee, s1st order gör [55]Nut shell and Walnut shell 2nd order Sharma and ForsterCr(VI)Peat [13] m1st order Sarkar and ChattorajSilica Lysozyme. b-Lactoglobulin and Hemoglobin [23] Namasivayam and Ran-1st orderCr(VI)Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide ganathan [56] 1st order Namasivayam et al. [57]Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Paraquat 1st order Singh and Rawat [38]Fly ash and Impregnated fly ash Phenol, o-Cresol, m-Cresol, p-Cresol, o-Nitrophenol, m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol Cr(VI) 1st orderBi2O3 Bhutani and Kumari [39] 1st orderCd(II)Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [58] 2nd order Sharma and ForsterLeaf mould Cr(VI) [14] 0.7 order Salim et al. [28]Cypress leaves Pb(II) 2nd order Ho et al. [16]Peat Cu(II) Periasamy and Namasi-1st orderPeanut hull carbon Pb(II) vayam [59] Ni(II) 1st orderPeanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [60] Ni(II) Ho et al. [17]Peat 2nd order Namasivayam and Ran-1st orderFe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Cd(II) ganathan [61] Merthylene Blue 1st order Low et al. [10]Water hyacinth roots Cr(III) and Cr(VI) 1st order Lee et al. [62]Moss and Copper-coated moss 2nd order Fernadez et al. [63]Algae Lauryl benzyl sulphonate Biogas residual slurry Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderDirect red 12 B muna [64] Cr(VI) 1st order Namasivayam and Ya-Biogas residual slurry muna [65] Table 1 (Continued) ReferenceModelSorbent Solute Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderPb(II)Biogas residual slurry muna [66] CN− s1st order van Deventer and vanActivated carbon der Merwe [67] 1st orderCd(II)Hydrous ceric oxide Mishra and Singh [68] Hg(II) 1st order Mishra et al. [69]Hydrous zirconium oxide Pb(II) 1st orderKaolinitic clay Orumwense [70] 1st order Ramelow et al. [29]Cu(II) and Pb(II)Immobilized bimomass Singh et al. [71]1st orderFeldspar As(V) Singh et al. [71]1st orderHaematite As(V) Cr(VI) s1st orderFly ash Dasmahapatra et al. [72] Hg(II) m1st orderKaolinite Singh et al. [21] Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasi-1st orderCu(II) vayam [73] F, P and As(V) 1st order Wasay et al. [74]Lanthanum-impregnated silica gel Wasay et al. [75]1st orderBasic yttrium carbonate As(III) and As(V) 2nd order Ho et al. [18]Peat Cu(II) and Ni(II) 2nd order Sharma and Forster [15]Acitvated carbon Cr(VI) Pb(II) 1st orderBiopolymers Seki and Suzuki [11] Mittal and Gupta [76]Orlamar Red BGFomitopsis Crania 1st order Bis Acid A2 1st orderKaolinite Atun and Sismanogly [24] m1st orderBisphenol A Pesticide phosphamidon m,s1st and 2ndAntimony(V) phosphate cation exchanger Varshney et al. [22] order Congo Red, Procion Orange and Rhodamine-B 1st orderOrange peel Namasivayam et al. [77] Acid Blue 29 and Reactive Blue 2 1st orderChrome sludge Lee et al. [78] Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Namasivayam and1st orderHg(II) Senthilkumar [79] Cu(II) 1st orderCoirpith carbon Namasivayam and Kadirvelu [80] Congo red 1st orderRed mud Namasivayam and Arasi [81] Worrall et al.[30]+1st orderSoil Isoproturon *1st order Locke et al. [31]Soil Acifluorfen Hg(II) 2nd orderSoil Yin et al. [82] 2nd order Kim et al. [83]Acid blue 193, Acid blue 40, Direct yellow 44,Chitin Direct blue 78 Banerjee et al. [84]s1st orderFly ash o-xylene s 1st Order: a first order rate expression based on solution concentration. m 1st Order: multiple first order kinetics....

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  • ...activated carbon (TNSAC) by Bhargava and Sheldarkar [37], the sorption of o-cresol (OCL) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) onto fly ash by Singh and Rawat [38], the sorption of chromium(VI) onto bismuth trioxide by Bhutani and Kumari [39], the sorption of lead(II) onto cypress leaves by Salim et al....

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  • ...Pseudo-second order sorption kinetics of copper(II) onto peat at various initial concentrations. activated carbon (TNSAC) by Bhargava and Sheldarkar [37], the sorption of o-cresol (OCL) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) onto fly ash by Singh and Rawat [38], the sorption of chromium(VI) onto bismuth trioxide by Bhutani and Kumari [39], the sorption of lead(II) onto cypress leaves by Salim et al. [28], the sorption of copper(II) onto peat by Ho et al. [16] and the sorption of cadmium(II) onto decaying leaves by Sayrafi et al. [40]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used wollastonite as an adsorbent for the removal of Fe(II) at different experimental conditions, and found that the extent of removal is favorable at low concentration and low temperature.
Abstract: Wollastonite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Fe(II) at different experimental conditions. The extent of removal is favourable at low concentration and low temperature. Maximum adsorption was noted at pH 4.0. The batch adsorption kinetics has been described by a first order rate expression, and the surface mass transfer coefficients and diffusion coefficients have been calculated at different temperatures. The intraparticle transport of Fe(II) within the pores of wollastonite is found to be the rate limiting step. The applicability of the Langmuir isotherm for the present system has been tested at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the exothermic nature of Fe(II) adsorption on wollastonite. The variation of adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of interaction of iron species with negatively charged constituents of adsorbent.

75 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of chrome sludge, a waste product from the electroplating industries, to remove colour from aqueous solutions was investigated and the results indicated that the sludge had better affinity for acid than basic dyes.
Abstract: The potential of chrome sludge, a waste product from the electroplating industries, to remove colour from aqueous solutions was investigated. Results indicated that the sludge had better affinity for acid than basic dyes. Equilibrium data can be fitted into the Langmuir isotherm with maximum sorption of 30 – 60 mg g−1 for the range of acid dyes studied. The process followed a first order rate kinetics and the rate of dye removal was influenced by concentration and agitation speed.

74 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[78] Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Namasivayam and 1st order Hg(II) Senthilkumar [79] Cu(II) 1st order Coirpith carbon Namasivayam and Kadirvelu [80] Congo red 1st order Red mud Namasivayam and Arasi [81] Worrall et al....

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