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Journal ArticleDOI

Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes

01 Jul 1999-Process Biochemistry (Elsevier)-Vol. 34, Iss: 5, pp 451-465
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review of the use of sorbents and biosorbents to treat polluted aqueous effluents containing dyes:organics or metal ions has been conducted.
About: This article is published in Process Biochemistry.The article was published on 1999-07-01. It has received 13746 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sorption.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of second-order kinetic expressions is described in this paper based on the solid adsorption capacity, which shows that a pseudo-second-order rate expression has been widely applied to the Adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions onto adsorbents.

3,458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here.

2,979 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The biosorbents widely used for heavy metal removal were reviewed, mainly focusing on their cellular structure, biosorption performance, their pretreatment, modification, regeneration/reuse, modeling of biosor adaptation (isotherm and kinetic models), the development of novel biosorbent, their evaluation, potential application and future.

2,281 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2004
TL;DR: The theoretical results (derived equations) show that the observed rate constants of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models are combinations of adsorption and desorption rate constants and also initial concentration of solute.
Abstract: The kinetics of sorption from a solution onto an adsorbent has been explored theoretically. The general analytical solution was obtained for two cases. It has been shown that at high initial concentration of solute (sorbate) the general equation converts to a pseudo-first-order model and at lower initial concentration of solute it converts to a pseudo-second-order model. In other words, the sorption process obeys pseudo-first-order kinetics at high initial concentration of solute, while it obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics model at lower initial concentration of solute. The theoretical results (derived equations) show that the observed rate constants of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models are combinations of adsorption and desorption rate constants and also initial concentration of solute. The obtained theoretical equations are used to correlate experimental data for sorption kinetics of some solutes on various sorbents. The predictions of the theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

1,860 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines a wide variety of microorganisms (fungi, yeasts, bacteria, etc.), which are capable of uptake of organic pollutants, discusses various mechanisms involved in biosorption, discusses the effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, concentrations of organic pollutant, other ions, and biomass in solution, pretreatment method, etc.

1,825 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the conductivity and permittivity of sodium kaolinite are measured with respect to frequency (10-105 Hz), concentration (0.1 to 100 g solid per 100 ml sample), and temperature (293-318°K).

61 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of adsorption of the pesticide phosphamidon on beads of antimoy (V) phosphate cation exchanger have been studied, and the results show that the adaption behavior is second order during the first 15 min and thereafter, up to 180 min, it is first order.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the deacetylated chitins (10.7-67.2fl ) were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis to determine an optimal degree of deacetilization (DD) which can effectively remove four dyes and chromium ions from textile effluent.
Abstract: Deacetylated chitins (10.7-67.2fl ) were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis to determine an optimal degree of deacetylation (DD) which can effectively remove four dyes and chromium ions from textile effluent. Sorption isotherms were carried by varying the treatment time, pH, and initial concentration of dyes or chromium ions. Experimental results were analyzed in three ways: (1) equilibrium sorption capacity and sorption rate constant, (2) Langmuir isotherms, and (3) separation factor. Results indicated that except for the chitin with a 67.2% DD, rate and capacity of the dye sorption on the chitin increased with the increase of the DD in chitin for each pH but decreased with the increase of pH for each deacetylated chitin. This was mainly due to the increase of-NH 3 + groups in chitin with a high DD and the low pH of the system. On the contrary, dye desorption from the deacetylated chitin was highly effective at 80°C and pH ≥ 10, which could facilitate the reduction of-NH 3 + ions and the increase of electrostatic repulsion. The number of chromium ions sorbed on the chitin also increased with the increase of the DD at a specific time. Therefore, by controlling the DD of the deacetylated chitin maximum efficiency can be achieved in the removal of dyes and metal ions from textile effluent.

58 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[83] Acid blue 193, Acid blue 40, Direct yellow 44, Chitin Direct blue 78 Banerjee et al....

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Journal Article
01 Jan 1996-Water SA
TL;DR: In this paper, the results showed that although the pH for maximum efficiency varied slightly with the concentration of Cr(VI) being applied, the most effective pH was in the range 2.5 to 3.0.
Abstract: Batch adsorption trials were used to assess the effectiveness of using activated carbon as a sorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from solution. The results show that, although the pH for maximum efficiency varied slightly with the concentration of Cr(VI) being applied, the most effective pH was in the range 2.5 to 3.0. Based on linear regression analysis, the data obtained from the batch studies showed a good compliance with both the Langmuir and the Freundlich equations. The values obtained for the isotherm constants showed that the maximum adsorption capacity, X m , was 145 mg/g. An examination of the adsorption kinetics was also made and an analysis of the data shows that pore diffusion is not the only factor governing the sorption rate.

54 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Taylor et al. [33] reported that zinc sorption kinetics by 12 Alabama soils was best described by the Elovich equa- Table 1 Comparison of mechanisms of sorption from the literature Solute ModelSorbent Reference Bhattacharya ands1st orderCd(II)Giridih coal and Coconut shell Venkobachar [2] Cr(VI) 1st orderFly ash/Wollastonite Panday et al. [42] Panday et al. [43]1st orderFly ash Cu(II) 2nd order Gosset et al. [12]Peat Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Dzombak and Morel2nd orderHydrous ferric oxide Cd(II) [20] Victoria Blue 1st orderFly ash Khare et al. [34] Ho and McKay [44]2nd orderPeat Pb(II) 1st order Singh et al. [35]Wollastonite Fe(II) Gupta et al. [45]s1st orderFly ash OCRME 1st order Gupta et al. [45]1:1 Fly ash and coal OCRME 1st order Chaturvedi et al. [46]Fly ash Floride CN− 2nd orderPeat Cancela et al. [47] Sharma et al. [7]Ni(II)Wollastonite 1st order Sharma et al. [8]1st orderChina clay Ni(II) Cr(VI) s1st orderGroundnut husk carbon Periasamy et al. [48] Namasivayam and1st orderBanana pith Acid violet Kanchana [49] Cd(II) *1st orderBeech leaves Salim et al. [27] s1st order Rao et al. [50]Coconut shell carbons Cr(VI) Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderBiogas residual slurry Congo Red muna [51] 1st order Namasivayam and Ya-Rhodamine-BBiogas residual slurry muna [52] 1st order Yamuna and Namasi-Biogas residual slurry Acid Brilliant Blue vayam [53] 1st order Namasivayam and Peri-Peanut hull carbon Hg(II) asamy [54] Orhan and Büyükgün-Cr(VI), Cd(II), Al(III)Waste tea, Turkish coffee, Exhausted coffee, s1st order gör [55]Nut shell and Walnut shell 2nd order Sharma and ForsterCr(VI)Peat [13] m1st order Sarkar and ChattorajSilica Lysozyme. b-Lactoglobulin and Hemoglobin [23] Namasivayam and Ran-1st orderCr(VI)Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide ganathan [56] 1st order Namasivayam et al. [57]Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Paraquat 1st order Singh and Rawat [38]Fly ash and Impregnated fly ash Phenol, o-Cresol, m-Cresol, p-Cresol, o-Nitrophenol, m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol Cr(VI) 1st orderBi2O3 Bhutani and Kumari [39] 1st orderCd(II)Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [58] 2nd order Sharma and ForsterLeaf mould Cr(VI) [14] 0.7 order Salim et al. [28]Cypress leaves Pb(II) 2nd order Ho et al. [16]Peat Cu(II) Periasamy and Namasi-1st orderPeanut hull carbon Pb(II) vayam [59] Ni(II) 1st orderPeanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [60] Ni(II) Ho et al. [17]Peat 2nd order Namasivayam and Ran-1st orderFe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Cd(II) ganathan [61] Merthylene Blue 1st order Low et al. [10]Water hyacinth roots Cr(III) and Cr(VI) 1st order Lee et al. [62]Moss and Copper-coated moss 2nd order Fernadez et al. [63]Algae Lauryl benzyl sulphonate Biogas residual slurry Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderDirect red 12 B muna [64] Cr(VI) 1st order Namasivayam and Ya-Biogas residual slurry muna [65] Table 1 (Continued) ReferenceModelSorbent Solute Namasivayam and Ya-1st orderPb(II)Biogas residual slurry muna [66] CN− s1st order van Deventer and vanActivated carbon der Merwe [67] 1st orderCd(II)Hydrous ceric oxide Mishra and Singh [68] Hg(II) 1st order Mishra et al. [69]Hydrous zirconium oxide Pb(II) 1st orderKaolinitic clay Orumwense [70] 1st order Ramelow et al. [29]Cu(II) and Pb(II)Immobilized bimomass Singh et al. [71]1st orderFeldspar As(V) Singh et al. [71]1st orderHaematite As(V) Cr(VI) s1st orderFly ash Dasmahapatra et al. [72] Hg(II) m1st orderKaolinite Singh et al. [21] Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasi-1st orderCu(II) vayam [73] F, P and As(V) 1st order Wasay et al. [74]Lanthanum-impregnated silica gel Wasay et al. [75]1st orderBasic yttrium carbonate As(III) and As(V) 2nd order Ho et al. [18]Peat Cu(II) and Ni(II) 2nd order Sharma and Forster [15]Acitvated carbon Cr(VI) Pb(II) 1st orderBiopolymers Seki and Suzuki [11] Mittal and Gupta [76]Orlamar Red BGFomitopsis Crania 1st order Bis Acid A2 1st orderKaolinite Atun and Sismanogly [24] m1st orderBisphenol A Pesticide phosphamidon m,s1st and 2ndAntimony(V) phosphate cation exchanger Varshney et al. [22] order Congo Red, Procion Orange and Rhodamine-B 1st orderOrange peel Namasivayam et al. [77] Acid Blue 29 and Reactive Blue 2 1st orderChrome sludge Lee et al. [78] Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide Namasivayam and1st orderHg(II) Senthilkumar [79] Cu(II) 1st orderCoirpith carbon Namasivayam and Kadirvelu [80] Congo red 1st orderRed mud Namasivayam and Arasi [81] Worrall et al.[30]+1st orderSoil Isoproturon *1st order Locke et al. [31]Soil Acifluorfen Hg(II) 2nd orderSoil Yin et al. [82] 2nd order Kim et al. [83]Acid blue 193, Acid blue 40, Direct yellow 44,Chitin Direct blue 78 Banerjee et al. [84]s1st orderFly ash o-xylene s 1st Order: a first order rate expression based on solution concentration. m 1st Order: multiple first order kinetics....

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  • ...[18] Peat Cu(II) and Ni(II) 2nd order Sharma and Forster [15] Acitvated carbon Cr(VI) Pb(II) 1st order Biopolymers Seki and Suzuki [11] Mittal and Gupta [76] Orlamar Red BG Fomitopsis Crania 1st order Bis Acid A2 1st order Kaolinite Atun and Sismanogly [24] 1st order Bisphenol A Pesticide phosphamidon 1st and 2nd Antimony(V) phosphate cation exchanger Varshney et al....

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  • ...Sharma and Forster [13–15] reported that the kinetics of the sorption of chromium(VI) using peat, leaf mould and granular activated carbon follow a pseudo-second order reaction rate....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Carbon prepared from peanut hulls (PHC) has been used for the adsorption of Pb(II) over a range of initial metal ion concentrations (10−20 mg/L), agitation times (5−140 minutes), adsorbent dosages (5 −100 mg/100 mL), and pH values (1.5−10.0) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Carbon prepared from peanut hulls (PHC) has been used for the adsorption of Pb(II) over a range of initial metal ion concentrations (10–20 mg/L), agitation times (5–140 minutes), adsorbent dosages (5–100 mg/100 mL), and pH values (1.5–10.0). Adsorption of Pb(II) obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The applicability of the Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Quantitative removal of 20 mg/L Pb(II) by 0.3 g carbon per liter aqueous solution was observed in the pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. A comparative study with a coal-based commercial granular activated carbon (CAC) showed that the adsorption capacity of PHC was 18 times larger than that of CAC.

52 citations


"Pseudo-second order model for sorpt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[16] Peat Cu(II) Periasamy and Namasi1st order Peanut hull carbon Pb(II) vayam [59] Ni(II) 1st order Peanut hull carbon Periasamy and Namasivayam [60] Ni(II) Ho et al....

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