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Book ChapterDOI

Pullout Behavior of Plate Anchors in Geotextile Reinforced Soft Clay

TL;DR: In this article, the uplift capacity of model plate anchors of sizes 50 mm × 50 mm and 75 mm × 75 mm, in reinforced and unreinforced soil with embedment ratios of 1, 2, and 3, was investigated.
Abstract: Different types of anchors are used for offshore and onshore structures to resist uplift forces. In case of soft clay the uplift capacity may be increased with geotextile reinforcements. In the present study an attempt has been made to find uplift capacity of model plate anchors of sizes 50 mm × 50 mm and 75 mm × 75 mm, in reinforced and unreinforced soil with embedment ratios of 1, 2, and 3. Properties of clay and geotextile have been appropriately obtained by carrying out relevant laboratory tests. Model anchor tests have been carried out by applying monotonic loads through pulley arrangement and recording displacements using Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). To supplement the experimental results, numerical analyses have been carried out using ABAQUS software, simulating experimental models with similar plate sizes and embedment ratios. The experimental results agree well with the numerical ones. The geotextile layer has been considered to be placed for an extent of four times the anchor width at a distance of 0.25 times the embedment depth from the bottom of the anchor. It has been observed that pullout capacity increases with increase of plate size on an average by 113% for unreinforced clay when the plate size increases from 50 to 75 mm. For 50 mm plate with embedment ratio equal to 1 the improvement has been found to be 25% and the same has been found to be 36% and 31% for embedment ratio 2 and 3, respectively. This improvement has been found to be higher for larger plate sizes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the undrained behavior of anchor plates with a vertical or horizontal axis, resting in a saturated clay, is examined and theoretical consideration is given to the effects of anchor embedment, layer by layer.
Abstract: The undrained behaviour of anchor plates with a vertical or horizontal axis, resting in a saturated clay, is examined. Theoretical consideration is given to the effects of anchor embedment, layer d...

219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D numerical limit analysis is applied to evaluate the effect of anchor shape on the pullout capacity of horizontal anchors in undrained clay, where the anchor is idealized as either square, circular, or rectangular in shape.
Abstract: Soil anchors are commonly used as foundation systems for structures that require uplift or lateral resistance. These types of structures include transmission towers, sheet pile walls, and buried pipelines. Although anchors are typically complex in shape (e.g., drag or helical anchors), many previous analyses idealize the anchor as a continuous strip under plane strain conditions. This assumption provides numerical advantages and the problem can be solved in two dimensions. In contrast to recent numerical studies, this paper applies three-dimensional numerical limit analysis to evaluate the effect of anchor shape on the pullout capacity of horizontal anchors in undrained clay. The anchor is idealized as either square, circular, or rectangular in shape. Estimates of the ultimate pullout load are obtained by using a newly developed three-dimensional numerical procedure based on a finite-element formulation of the lower bound theorem of limit analysis. This formulation assumes a perfectly plastic soil model with a Tresca yield criterion. Results are presented in the familiar form of break-out factors based on various anchor shapes and embedment depths, and are also compared with existing numerical and empirical solutions.

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of cyclic loading on the bearing capacity of plate anchors in clay and showed that the ultimate pullout capacity decreases as the accumulated plastic shear strain grows due to the strain-softening of clay under cyclic load.

17 citations