Pulse width modulation for power converters

Pulse width modulation for power converters

01 Jan 2003-

About: The article was published on 2003-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1724 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pulse-amplitude modulation & Pulse-frequency modulation.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives

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Jose Rodriguez¹, Steffen Bernet², Bin Wu³, J. Pontt⁴, Samir Kouro⁴ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

Valparaiso University¹, Dresden University of Technology², Ryerson University³, Federico Santa María Technical University⁴

22 Oct 2007-IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

TL;DR: This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters.

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Abstract: This paper presents a technology review of voltage-source-converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives. In this highly active area, different converter topologies and circuits have found their application in the market. This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters. This paper presents the operating principle of each topology and a review of the most relevant modulation methods, focused mainly on those used by industry. In addition, the latest advances and future trends of the technology are discussed. It is concluded that the topology and modulation-method selection are closely related to each particular application, leaving a space on the market for all the different solutions, depending on their unique features and limitations like power or voltage level, dynamic performance, reliability, costs, and other technical specifications.

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2,254 citations

Book Chapter•DOI•

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

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Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva¹, Malik Elbuluk²•Institutions (2)

Federal University of Campina Grande¹, University of Akron²

01 Jan 2013

TL;DR: This chapter gives a description and overview of power Electronic technologies including a description of the fundamental systems that are the building blocks of power electronic systems.

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Abstract: This chapter gives a description and overview of power electronic technologies including a description of the fundamental systems that are the building blocks of power electronic systems. Technologies that are described include: power semiconductor switching devices, converter circuits that process energy from one DC level to another DC level, converters that produce variable frequency from DC sources, principles of rectifying AC input voltage in uncontrolled DC output voltage and their extension to controlled rectifiers, converters that convert to AC from DC (inverters) or from AC with fixed or variable output frequency (AC controllers, DC–DC–AC converters, matrix converters, or cycloconverters). The chapter also covers control of power converters with focus on pulse width modulation (PWM) control techniques.

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1,152 citations

Cites background or methods from "Pulse width modulation for power co..."

...For VSI, the PWM pattern can be used to directly control the switching devices and in the CSI the phase switching states cannot be used directly to control the switching devices, since these are controlled by line switching states [5]....
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...All these inverters can also be controlled by PWM techniques [5, 6], of which one example is shown in Fig....
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...Because of its flexibility of manipulation, the SVPWM technique became popular [5, 10, 26, 27]....
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...A large variety of feed forward and feedback control schemes has been described in the literature [5, 10], such as the Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM, but the most widely used methods of PWM are the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM), the non-sinusoidal carrier PWM techniques, the space vector modulation (SVPWM), and the hybrid PWM (HPWM) [11]....
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...This technique is known as Sinusoidal PWM [1, 3, 5, 12)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Medium-Voltage Multilevel Converters—State of the Art, Challenges, and Requirements in Industrial Applications

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Haitham Abu-Rub¹, Joachim Holtz², Jose Rodriguez³, Ge Baoming⁴•Institutions (4)

Texas A&M University at Qatar¹, University of Wuppertal², Valparaiso University³, Beijing Jiaotong University⁴

12 Apr 2010-IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

TL;DR: An inverter configuration based on three-level building blocks to generate five-level voltage waveforms is suggested and it is shown that such an inverter may be operated at a very low switching frequency to achieve minimum on-state and dynamic device losses for highly efficient MV drive applications while maintaining low harmonic distortion.

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Abstract: This paper gives an overview of medium-voltage (MV) multilevel converters with a focus on achieving minimum harmonic distortion and high efficiency at low switching frequency operation. Increasing the power rating by minimizing switching frequency while still maintaining reasonable power quality is an important requirement and a persistent challenge for the industry. Existing solutions are discussed and analyzed based on their topologies, limitations, and control techniques. As a preferred option for future research and application, an inverter configuration based on three-level building blocks to generate five-level voltage waveforms is suggested. This paper shows that such an inverter may be operated at a very low switching frequency to achieve minimum on-state and dynamic device losses for highly efficient MV drive applications while maintaining low harmonic distortion.

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1,150 citations

Additional excerpts

...…3L neutral-point-clamped voltage source converter (3L-NPC VSC) [4]–[6], [20], [23], [24], [40], [43], [52], [62]–[67]; 2) the four-level flying capacitor voltage source converter (4L-FLC 0278-0046/$26.00 © 2010 IEEE VSC) [5], [6], [23], [24], [66]; and 3) the series-connected H-bridge voltage…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Multilevel Converters: An Enabling Technology for High-Power Applications

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Jose Rodriguez¹, Leopoldo G. Franquelo², Samir Kouro³, Jose I. Leon², R. Portillo², María Prats², Marcelo A. Perez¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Valparaiso University¹, University of Seville², Ryerson University³

20 Oct 2009

TL;DR: This paper serves as an introduction to the subject for the not-familiarized reader, as well as an update or reference for academics and practicing engineers working in the field of industrial and power electronics.

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Abstract: Multilevel converters are considered today as the state-of-the-art power-conversion systems for high-power and power-quality demanding applications. This paper presents a tutorial on this technology, covering the operating principle and the different power circuit topologies, modulation methods, technical issues and industry applications. Special attention is given to established technology already found in industry with more in-depth and self-contained information, while recent advances and state-of-the-art contributions are addressed with useful references. This paper serves as an introduction to the subject for the not-familiarized reader, as well as an update or reference for academics and practicing engineers working in the field of industrial and power electronics.

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949 citations

Cites background or methods from "Pulse width modulation for power co..."

...This is usually performed with pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques [44]....
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...Note that for a traditional two-level VSI, only seven different space vectors are obtained [44], while by just adding a third level like in NPC, 19 different can be generated....
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...This method is based on the decision-based pulse-width modulation developed for conventional twolevel converters [44]....
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...Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is a low switching frequency PWM method developed for traditional converters in which a few (generally from three to seven) switching angles per quarter fundamental cycle are predefined and precalculated via Fourier analysis to ensure the elimination of undesired low-order harmonics [44]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Multidimensional Modulation Technique for Cascaded Multilevel Converters

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Jose I. Leon¹, Samir Kouro², Sergio Vazquez¹, R. Portillo¹, Leopoldo G. Franquelo¹, Juan Manuel Campos Carrasco¹, Jose Rodriguez³ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

University of Seville¹, Ryerson University², Valparaiso University³

16 Mar 2009-IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

TL;DR: A simple and low-computational-cost modulation technique for multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters based on geometrical considerations considering a unidimensional control region to determine the switching sequence and the corresponding switching times is presented.

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Abstract: Multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters have found industrial application in the medium-voltage high-power range. In this paper, a generalized modulation technique for this type of converter based on a multidimensional control region is presented. Using the multidimensional control region, it is shown that all previous modulation techniques are particularized versions of the proposed method. Several possible solutions to develop a specific implementation of the modulation method are addressed in order to show the potential possibilities and the flexibility of the proposed technique. In addition, a feedforward version of this technique is also introduced to determine the switching sequence and the switching times, avoiding low harmonic distortion with unbalanced dc voltages. Experimental results are shown in order to validate the proposed concepts.

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941 citations

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Pulse width modulation for power converters

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Cites background or methods from "Pulse width modulation for power co..."

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Cites background or methods from "Pulse width modulation for power co..."

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