Book•
Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook
12 Jan 1994-
TL;DR: This book presents a step-by-step guide to making the research results presented in reports, slideshows, posters, and data visualizations more interesting, and describes how coding initiates qualitative data analysis.
Abstract: Matthew B. Miles, Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook, Third Edition. The Third Edition of Miles & Huberman's classic research methods text is updated and streamlined by Johnny Saldana, author of The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Several of the data display strategies from previous editions are now presented in re-envisioned and reorganized formats to enhance reader accessibility and comprehension. The Third Edition's presentation of the fundamentals of research design and data management is followed by five distinct methods of analysis: exploring, describing, ordering, explaining, and predicting. Miles and Huberman's original research studies are profiled and accompanied with new examples from Saldana's recent qualitative work. The book's most celebrated chapter, "Drawing and Verifying Conclusions," is retained and revised, and the chapter on report writing has been greatly expanded, and is now called "Writing About Qualitative Research." Comprehensive and authoritative, Qualitative Data Analysis has been elegantly revised for a new generation of qualitative researchers. Johnny Saldana, The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, Second Edition. The Second Edition of Johnny Saldana's international bestseller provides an in-depth guide to the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data. Fully up-to-date, it includes new chapters, more coding techniques and an additional glossary. Clear, practical and authoritative, the book: describes how coding initiates qualitative data analysis; demonstrates the writing of analytic memos; discusses available analytic software; suggests how best to use the book for particular studies. In total, 32 coding methods are profiled that can be applied to a range of research genres from grounded theory to phenomenology to narrative inquiry. For each approach, Saldana discusses the method's origins, a description of the method, practical applications, and a clearly illustrated example with analytic follow-up. A unique and invaluable reference for students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative inquiry, this book is essential reading across the social sciences. Stephanie D. H. Evergreen, Presenting Data Effectively Communicating Your Findings for Maximum Impact. This is a step-by-step guide to making the research results presented in reports, slideshows, posters, and data visualizations more interesting. Written in an easy, accessible manner, Presenting Data Effectively provides guiding principles for designing data presentations so that they are more likely to be heard, remembered, and used. The guidance in the book stems from the author's extensive study of research reporting, a solid review of the literature in graphic design and related fields, and the input of a panel of graphic design experts. Those concepts are then translated into language relevant to students, researchers, evaluators, and non-profit workers - anyone in a position to have to report on data to an outside audience. The book guides the reader through design choices related to four primary areas: graphics, type, color, and arrangement. As a result, readers can present data more effectively, with the clarity and professionalism that best represents their work.
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: It is argued that qualitative data require and support much deeper analysis, and strategies that might assist researchers to enrich their analysis of qualitative data are described.
Abstract: Too often, qualitative researchers rely on the presentation of key themes supported by quotes from participants’ text as the primary form of analysis and reporting of their data. In this paper I argue that qualitative data require and support much deeper analysis. Strategies that might assist researchers to enrich their analysis of qualitative data are described. These strategies include improving interpretation and naming of categories; using comparison and pattern analysis to refine and relate categories or themes; using divergent views and negative cases to challenge generalisations; returning to substantive, theoretical or methodological literature; creating displays using matrices, graphs, flow charts and models; and using writing itself to prompt deeper thinking. Each strategy is illustrated by examples.
626 citations
Cites background from "Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expan..."
...Divergent views, negative cases or outliers—however you choose to label them—provide a rich source for further analytic thinking, as you learn from them and grow your understanding to incorporate them in your theorising (Miles & Huberman, 1994)....
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TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways that the goal of the study, the research objective, and the research purpose shape the formation of research questions, and to provide a framework for linking research questions to mixed methods data analysis techniques.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of research questions in mixed methods studies. First, we discuss the ways that the goal of the study, the research objective(s), and the research purpose shape the formation of research questions. Second, we compare and contrast quantitative research questions and qualitative research questions. Third, we describe how to write mixed methods research questions, which we define as questions that embed quantitative and qualitative research questions. Finally, we provide a framework for linking research questions to mixed methods data analysis techniques. A major goal of our framework is to illustrate that the development of research questions and data analysis procedures in mixed method studies should occur logically and sequentially. Key Words: Mixed Methods, Quantitative Research Questions, Qualitative Research Questions, and Mixed Methods Data Analysis Setting the Scene Conducting mixed methods research involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or in a series of studies that investigate the same underlying phenomenon. As noted by Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004, p. 17), "its logic of inquiry includes the use of induction (or discovery of patterns), deduction (testing of theories and hypotheses), and abduction (uncovering and relying on the best of a set of explanations for understanding one's results)." Because of its logical and intuitive appeal, providing a bridge between the qualitative and quantitative paradigms, an increasing number of researchers are utilizing mixed methods research to undertake their studies. As conceptualized by Collins, Onwuegbuzie, and Sutton (2006), mixed methods research can be conceptualized as comprising the following 13 distinct steps: 1. determining the goal of the study 2. formulating the research objective(s), 3. determining the research/mixing rationale, 4. determining the research/mixing purpose, 5. determining the research question(s), 6. selecting the sampling design 7. selecting the mixed methods research design, 8. collecting the data, 9. analyzing the data, 10. validating/legitimating the data, 11. interpreting the data, 12. writing the mixed methods research report, and 13. reformulating the research question(s). This process is illustrated in Figure 1. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] The Importance of Questions Determining the research question(s) is an extremely important step in both the quantitative research process and the qualitative research process because these questions narrow the research objective and research purpose to specific questions that researchers attempt to address in their studies (Creswell, 2005; Johnson & Christensen, 2004). However, research questions are even more important in mixed methods research because mixed methods researchers make use of the pragmatic method and system of philosophy. As such, in mixed methods studies, research questions drive the methods used (Newman & Benz, 1998; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998). Moreover, research questions in mixed methods studies are vitally important because they, in large part, dictate the type of research design used, the sample size and sampling scheme employed, and the type of instruments administered as well as the data analysis techniques (i.e., statistical or qualitative) used. Unfortunately, forming research questions is much more difficult in mixed methods studies than in monomethod (i.e., quantitative or qualitative) investigations because it involves the formation of both quantitative and qualitative research questions within the same inquiry. Thus, it is surprising that an extensive review of the literature revealed no guidance as to how to write research questions specifically in mixed methods studies. …
626 citations
Cites background or methods from "Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expan..."
...One text, Miles and Huberman (1994), does focus on qualitative data analyses....
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...In addition to these qualitative data analyses there is a class of data analytical tools known as cross-case analyses (cf. Miles & Huberman, 1994)....
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...…is, the researcher would administer a test of reading comprehension, rank these comprehension scores, and then purposively select (i.e., extreme sampling; Miles & Huberman, 1994; Patton, 1990) students who attained scores that were in the top third and bottom third, say, of the score distribution....
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TL;DR: This study helps to show how this myth can be integrated, transformed, and even created through rhetoric by organizations to resolve certain contradictions in environmental management practices and performances.
Abstract: The process used by organizations to integrate the ISO 14001 standard has not yet been the subject of extensive research in environmental management despite the rapid development of this standard, particularly in industrial companies. The results of a case study conducted among nine ISO 14001 certified Canadian organizations showed that adopting this standard tends to lead to a ceremonial behaviour intended to superficially show that the certified organizations conformed to the standard. Although rigorous compliance with the standard often resulted in real improvements, these improvements were primarily technical and administrative in nature. However, in most of the cases studied, daily practices remained somewhat decoupled from the prescriptions of the ISO 14001 system, of which employees generally had only a vague understanding. The organizations studied adopted different strategies to reconcile external pressures in favour of adopting this standard and internal constraints associated with a management system whose support varied from one case to the next. While the standard often appeared to be some sort of “rational myth” (Meyer and Rowan 1977) to which organizations superficially committed themselves, the adaptation to institutional pressures was not necessarily straightforward. Using the example of the ISO 14001 standard, our study helps to show how this myth can be integrated, transformed, and even created through rhetoric by organizations to resolve certain contradictions. This research also illustrates how adopting the ISO 14001 system can have an ambiguous effect on environmental management practices and performances.
624 citations
Cites background or methods from "Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expan..."
...As suggested by Miles and Huberman (1994), codes were established from the research questions and from the issues emerging from the data analysis....
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...To facilitate the categorization process, which is the cornerstone of grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss 1967, Strauss and Corbin 1990, Miles and Huberman 1994), QSR Nvivo qualitative analysis software was used....
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...First, following the suggestion of Miles and Huberman (1994), a detailed description of the meaning of each category was drawn up to facilitate data segmentation and interpretation....
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...Creating such categories is an essential aspect of the grounded-theory methodological approach (Strauss and Corbin 1990, Miles and Huberman 1994)....
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...The reliability of the qualitative data categorization process has been debated by some authors (Miles and Huberman 1994, Neuendorf 2002, Morse et al 2002)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the social processes of interaction between middle managers as change recipients as they try to make sense of the change interventions, and show the extent to which lateral, informal processes of inter-recipient sensemaking contribute to both intended and unintended change outcomes, and therefore the unpredictable, emergent nature of strategic change.
Abstract: The tendency for intended strategies to lead to unintended consequences is well documented. This longitudinal, real-time analysis of planned change implementation provides an explanation for this phenomenon. We focus on the social processes of interaction between middle managers as change recipients as they try to make sense of the change interventions. We show the extent to which lateral, informal processes of inter-recipient sensemaking contribute to both intended and unintended change outcomes, and therefore the unpredictable, emergent nature of strategic change. The findings raise the issue of the extent to which it is possible to manage evolving recipient interpretations during change implementation.
622 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role of partnerships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers in improving the environmental performance of manufacturing operations and found that strong partnerships with suppliers, supported by appropriate incentive systems, were a significant element of the successful application of innovative environmental technologies.
Abstract: Automobile assembly plants worldwide face increasing pressures in the environmental arena. How a plant responds to these issues has significant implications for the cost and quality of plant operations. This paper uses three case studies of US assembly plants to examine the role of partnerships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers in improving the environmental performance of manufacturing operations. We find that strong partnerships with suppliers, supported by appropriate incentive systems, were a significant element of the successful application of innovative environmental technologies. Supplier staff members were an important part of achieving environmental performance improvements while maintaining production quality and cost goals. The management factors influencing the extent and nature of supplier involvement are identified. The results of this work point to the importance of suppliers in addressing the manufacturing challenges of the future.
621 citations