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Journal Article•DOI•

Qualitative Quality: Eight “Big-Tent” Criteria for Excellent Qualitative Research

Sarah J. Tracy
01 Oct 2010-Qualitative Inquiry (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 16, Iss: 10, pp 837-851
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for quality in qualitative research that is uniquely expansive, yet flexible, in that it makes distinc- tions among qualitative research's means (methods and practices) and its ends.
Abstract: This article presents a model for quality in qualitative research that is uniquely expansive, yet flexible, in that it makes distinc- tions among qualitative research's means (methods and practices) and its ends. The article first provides a contextualization and rationale for the conceptualization. Then the author presents and explores eight key markers of quality in qualitative research including (a) worthy topic, (b) rich rigor, (c) sincerity, (d) credibility, (e) resonance, (f) significant contribution, (g) ethics, and (h) meaningful coherence. This eight-point conceptualization offers a useful pedagogical model and provides a common language of qualitative best practices that can be recognized as integral by a variety of audiences. While making a case for these markers of quality, the article leaves space for dialogue, imagination, growth, and improvisation.
Citations
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자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

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유창조
01 Apr 2000

17,938 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria

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Lorelli Nowell1, Jill M. Norris1, Deborah E. White1, Nancy J. Moules1•
University of Calgary1
02 Oct 2017-The International Journal of Qualitative Methods
TL;DR: The process of conducting a thematic analysis is illustrated through the presentation of an auditable decision trail, guiding interpreting and representing textual data and exploring issues of rigor and trustworthiness.
Abstract: As qualitative research becomes increasingly recognized and valued, it is imperative that it is conducted in a rigorous and methodical manner to yield meaningful and useful results. To be accepted ...

9,963 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology

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Dennis A. Gioia1, Kevin G. Corley2, Aimee L. Hamilton3•
Pennsylvania State University1, Arizona State University2, University of Denver3
01 Jan 2013-Organizational Research Methods
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic approach to new concept development and grounded theory articulation that is designed to bring "qualitative rigor" to the conduct and presentation of inductive research is presented.
Abstract: For all its richness and potential for discovery, qualitative research has been critiqued as too often lacking in scholarly rigor. The authors summarize a systematic approach to new concept development and grounded theory articulation that is designed to bring “qualitative rigor” to the conduct and presentation of inductive research.

6,189 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.

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Bridget C. O’Brien1, Ilene B. Harris2, Thomas J. Beckman3, Darcy A. Reed3, David A. Cook3 •
University of California, San Francisco1, University of Illinois at Chicago2, Mayo Clinic3
01 Sep 2014-Academic Medicine
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility for the broad spectrum of qualitative research, and present a set of guidelines for reporting such research.
Abstract: PurposeStandards for reporting exist for many types of quantitative research, but currently none exist for the broad spectrum of qualitative research. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility

4,506 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Critical Analysis of Strategies for Determining Rigor in Qualitative Inquiry

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Janice M. Morse1•
University of Utah1
16 Jul 2015-Qualitative Health Research
TL;DR: It is recommended that qualitative researchers return to the terminology of social sciences, using rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability, and make recommendations for the appropriate use of the strategies recommended to achieve rigor.
Abstract: Criteria for determining the trustworthiness of qualitative research were introduced by Guba and Lincoln in the 1980s when they replaced terminology for achieving rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability with dependability, credibility, and transferability. Strategies for achieving trustworthiness were also introduced. This landmark contribution to qualitative research remains in use today, with only minor modifications in format. Despite the significance of this contribution over the past four decades, the strategies recommended to achieve trustworthiness have not been critically examined. Recommendations for where, why, and how to use these strategies have not been developed, and how well they achieve their intended goal has not been examined. We do not know, for example, what impact these strategies have on the completed research. In this article, I critique these strategies. I recommend that qualitative researchers return to the terminology of social sciences, using rigor, reliability, validity, and generalizability. I then make recommendations for the appropriate use of the strategies recommended to achieve rigor: prolonged engagement, persistent observation, and thick, rich description; inter-rater reliability, negative case analysis; peer review or debriefing; clarifying researcher bias; member checking; external audits; and triangulation.

1,931 citations

Additional excerpts

  • ...As a result, new evaluation criteria are emerging that appears to be more useful for post-completion rating, such as the criteria proposed by Tracy (2010); Cohen and Crabtree (2008)....

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References
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Book•
Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions.

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John W. Creswell
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: Creswell as mentioned in this paper explores the philosophical underpinnings, history and key elements of five qualitative inquiry traditions: biography, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case study.
Abstract: This book explores the philosophical underpinnings, history and key elements of five qualitative inquiry traditions: biography, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case study. John W Creswell relates research designs to each of the traditions of inquiry and compares each of the research strategies for theoretical frameworks, writing introduction to studies, collecting data, analyzing data, writing the narrative, and employing standards of quality and verifying results. Five journal articles in the appendix offer fascinating reading as well as examples of the five different qualitative designs.

23,020 citations

"Qualitative Quality: Eight “Big-Ten..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Creswell (2007) specifically heeds this call by offering a unique set of evaluative criteria for each of five different qualitative areas—narrative, phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic research, and case study research....

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  • ...Since that time, qualitative scholars have offered important insights about best practices for qualitative research (Bochner, 2000; Creswell, 2007; Denzin & Lincoln, 2005; Guba & Lincoln, 2005; Richardson, 2000a; Seale, 1999; Stenbacka, 2001)....

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  • ...290)?” Since that time, qualitative scholars have offered important insights about best practices for qualitative research (Bochner, 2000; Creswell, 2007; Denzin & Lincoln, 2005; Guba & Lincoln, 2005; Richardson, 2000a; Seale, 1999; Stenbacka, 2001)....

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Book•
The Discovery of Grounded Theory

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Barney G. Glaser
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: In this paper, the discovery of grounded theory is discussed and grounded theory can be found in the form of a grounded theory discovery problem, where the root cause of the problem is identified.
Abstract: The discovery of grounded theory , The discovery of grounded theory , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

22,245 citations

"Qualitative Quality: Eight “Big-Ten..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Grounded theory as originally conceived by Glaser and Strauss (1967) aims toward analytic practices that will reveal an overriding story or set of themes grounded in a data set....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Naturalistic inquiry: Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985, 416 pp., $25.00 (Cloth)

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Yvonna S. Lincoln, Egon G. Guba, Joseph J. Pilotta
01 Jan 1985-International Journal of Intercultural Relations

21,313 citations

Book•
Qualitative Data Analysis

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Miles Matthew B, Huberman A. Michael
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In the field of qualitative data analysis, qualitative data is extremely varied in nature. It includes virtually any information that can be captured that is not numerical in nature as mentioned in this paper, which is a generalization of direct observation.
Abstract: Qualitative data is extremely varied in nature. It includes virtually any information that can be captured that is not numerical in nature. Here are some of the major categories or types: In-Depth Interviews In-Depth Interviews include both individual interviews (e.g., one-on-one) as well as "group" interviews (including focus groups). The data can be recorded in a wide variety of ways including stenography, audio recording, video recording or written notes. In depth interviews differ from direct observation primarily in the nature of the interaction. In interviews it is assumed that there is a questioner and one or more interviewees. The purpose of the interview is to probe the ideas of the interviewees about the phenomenon of interest. Direct Observation Direct observation is meant very broadly here. It differs from interviewing in that the observer does not actively query the respondent. It can include everything from field research where one lives in another context or culture for a period of time to photographs that illustrate some aspect of the phenomenon. The data can be recorded in many of the same ways as interviews (stenography, audio, video) and through pictures, photos or drawings (e.g., those courtroom drawings of witnesses are a form of direct observation). Written Documents Usually this refers to existing documents (as opposed transcripts of interviews conducted for the research). It can include newspapers, magazines, books, websites, memos, transcripts of conversations, annual reports, and so on. Usually written documents are analyzed with some form of content analysis. sumber : http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualdata.php

18,082 citations

자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

[...]

유창조
01 Apr 2000

17,938 citations

"Qualitative Quality: Eight “Big-Ten..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Lincoln and Guba (1985) suggest that good qualitative research is dependable....

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  • ...…the literature is brimming with criteria for qualitative goodness including concepts such as catalytic validity (Lather, 1986), empathetic validity (Dadds, 2008), crystallization (Richardson, 2000b), tacit knowledge (Altheide & Johnson, 1994), transferability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985), and so on....

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  • ...Twenty-five years ago, Lincoln and Guba (1985) asked, “How can an inquirer persuade his or her audiences that the research findings of an inquiry are worth paying attention to (p. 290)?”...

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  • ...Instead of relying on formal generalizations, qualitative research achieve resonance through transferability (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) or naturalistic generalization (Stake & Trumbull, 1982)—processes that are performed by the readers of the research....

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Helmut R. Wagner, Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss
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