Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches
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"Quantifying individual variation in..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Mixed-effect models incorporate two types of parameters: fixed and random ones, and hence consist of two key parts (Eisenhart 1947; Bennington & Thayne 1994; Pinheiro & Bates 2000; Bolker et al. 2009): 1 The effects that predictor variables – which can be continuous (covariates) or categorical (factors) – have on the mean of response variables....
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...We also strongly recommend that readers properly familiarize themselves with basic model assumptions prior to applying these tools themselves (cf. Pinheiro & Bates 2000; Bolker et al. 2009; Zuur et al. 2009)....
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...…Bayesian methods), how inferences are drawn (e.g. P-values vs. information criterion), or specifics of dealing with non-normal error distributions (Bolker et al. 2009; Zuur et al. 2009; Nakagawa & Schielzeth 2010; see also Text S1, Supporting information); those issues have been extensively…...
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...…two types of parameters: fixed and random ones, and hence consist of two key parts (Eisenhart 1947; Bennington & Thayne 1994; Pinheiro & Bates 2000; Bolker et al. 2009): 1 The effects that predictor variables – which can be continuous (covariates) or categorical (factors) – have on the mean of…...
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...Despite major advantages, MMs are complex tools and therefore easily misspecified or interpreted inappropriately (Bennington & Thayne 1994; Bolker et al. 2009; van de Pol & Wright 2009; Schielzeth & Forstmeier 2009; Zuur et al. 2009; Hadfield et al. 2010)....
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