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Journal ArticleDOI

Quantitative parameters of early human gingival inflammation

01 May 1970-Archives of Oral Biology (Arch Oral Biol)-Vol. 15, Iss: 5, pp 383-400
TL;DR: Biopsies of marginal gingiva obtained still attached to extracted premolars 6–24 months after onset of tooth eruption from 10 children were processed according to standardized electron microscopic techniques and there was no statistically significant correlation between any of these parameters, and the % V VL and A I were not related to the time since onset of Tooth eruption.
About: This article is published in Archives of Oral Biology.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 99 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Gingival sulcus & Gingival margin.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Within the period of 8 days following the beginning of plaque accumulation, an early lesion exhibiting many features characteristic of delayed hypersensitivity develops.
Abstract: The pathologic alterations occurring in the gingival tissues of humans immediately following the beginning of plaque accumulation have not heen elucidated previously. Seven males, 22--31 years of age, free of clinical manifestations of dental and periodontal disease, and exhibiting a Plaque Index score of zero for the previous 28 days served as subjects. Plaque control measures were discontinued for 8 days and biopsies were taken from the buccal marginal gingiva of the first premolars on days 0, 2, 4, and 8. Paraffin- and Epon-embedded section, treated with a variety of histochemical stains were analyzed microscopically and cell counts were done on 1-micron Epon section. At 2 and 4 days following the beginning of plaque accumulation, the vessels subjacent to the juctional epithelium exhibited vasculitis and alterations in the perivascular collagen. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophils residing in the junctional epithelium. By the end of the 8-day period, the number of small mononuclear cells, mostly lymphocytes, in the connective tissues had increased by 3-fold and the area of collagen fiber alteration by 4-fold. In addition, the number of fibroblasts per unit area of connective tissue decreased significantly. Thus, within the period of 8 days following the beginning of plaque accumulation, an early lesion exhibiting many features characteristic of delayed hypersensitivity develops.

216 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings strongly suggest that the “early gingival lesion” has the characteristics of a cellular hypersensitivity reaction and that lymphocytes, possibly by means of cytotoxic factors or direct cell-to-cell interactions, affect the synthetic activity of fibroblasts, leading to alterations in connective tissue substances.

212 citations


Cites background from "Quantitative parameters of early hu..."

  • ...One of these is an acute inflammatory response characterized by the emigration of neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes regardless of the clinical state of gingival health (JAMES and COUNSELL, 1927; BERNIER, 1950; ZACHRISSON and SCHULTZ-HAUDT, 1968; ATTSTR~EM, 1970; ATTSTR~~EM and EGELBERG, 1970; SCHROEDER, 1970; ATTSTR~EM et al., 1971)....

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  • ...If in clinically normal gingiva the ICT becomes very small, the volume of emigrating leucocytes in JE is unrelated to the size of ICT (SCHROEDER, 1970)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stereologic point counting procedures were applied to estimate volumetric and numerical densities of tissue components residing in and forming a defined, simplified model of human marginal gingiva, resulting in an accurate estimation of the various parameters characterizing the model tissue.
Abstract: SUMMARY Stereologic point counting procedures were applied to estimate volumetric and numerical densities of tissue components residing in and forming a defined, simplified model of human marginal gingiva. This included the quantitative characterization of inflammatory cell infiltrates occurring in the epithelial as well as the connective tissue fractions of this model. The gingival tissue was harvested from defined intraoral sites of 9–15 year-old children and processed under standardized conditions for light and electron microscopic observation. Random cross-sections of this tissue were subjected to morphometric analysis based on a multistage sampling technique. At each sampling level, tests were performed to study (1) the suitability of different test systems, (2) the parameter variation within one and between different biopsies and (3) the comparability and reliability of the data obtained. Based on these tests, a morphometric technique was designed which resulted in an accurate estimation of the various parameters characterizing the model tissue. These parameters were the volumetric densities of the following constituents: oral epithelium, junctional epithelium and its leucocyte content, infiltrated and non-infiltrated connective tissue, and its respective collagen fibre content. Infiltrated and non-infiltrated connective tissue fractions were analysed for their respective volumetric and numerical densities of fibroblasts, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, small and medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and mast cells. Sampling technique, test procedures and the design and results of the morphometric system are discussed.

183 citations


Cites background or methods or result from "Quantitative parameters of early hu..."

  • ...Recent investigations demonstrated in this tissue to occur simultaneously and often continuously both, an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by emigration of neutrophilic granulocytes along a defined pathway (Egelberg, 1966 a, b; Attstrom, 1970; Attstrom & Egelberg, 1970; Schroeder, 1970), and a round cell infiltration comprising lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages (Zachrisson & Schultz-Haudt, 1968; Schroeder, 1970)....

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  • ...For example, V,, estimates obtained at level I11 demonstrated the same variability pattern as described previously (Schroeder, 1970)....

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  • ...Only a few attempts have been made to characterize the histopathological state of gingival inflammation in quantitative terms (Muhlemann & Hartl, 1955; Frank, 1964; Egelberg, 1964; Stanton & Levy, 1969; Rudin, Overdiek & Rateitschak, 1970; Schroeder, 1970)....

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  • ...Volumetric estimates of leucocytes residing within the junctional epithelium ( VVl) were obtained with a previously tested standard procedure (Schroeder, 1970)....

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  • ...Level III Sampling and application of a coherent double-point lattice (Weibel, 1969) were identical to that of an earlier study (Schroeder, 1970)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Epoxy embedding methods of Glauert and Kushida have been modified so as to yield rapid, reproducible, and convenientembedding methods for electron microscopy.
Abstract: Epoxy embedding methods of Glauert and Kushida have been modified so as to yield rapid, reproducible, and convenient embedding methods for electron microscopy. The sections are robust and tissue damage is less than with methacrylate embedding.

9,741 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results are described which indicate that, when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated in fresh serum, a heat-stable substance (or substances) is produced which acts directly as a chemotactic stimulus on the polymorphs.
Abstract: An in vitro technique is described for assessing the chemotactic activity of soluble substances on motile cells. Antibody-antigen mixtures when incubated (37°C) in medium containing fresh (i.e. non-inactivated) normal rabbit serum exert a strong chemotactic effect on rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Results are described which indicate that, when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated (37°C) in fresh serum, a heat-stable (56°C) substance (or substances) is produced which acts directly as a chemotactic stimulus on the polymorphs. This heat-stable chemotactic substance is not produced when antibody-antigen complexes are incubated in serum which has been heated at 56°C for 30 minutes.

2,699 citations


"Quantitative parameters of early hu..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...This can be deduced from experiments using a BOYDENchamber (BOYDEN, 1962) in which a variety of micro-organisms such as streptococci, staphylococci and Diplococcus pneumoniae were shown to elaborate a factor chemotactic for neutrophilic granulocytes (HARRIS, 1960; KELLER and SORKIN, 1967; WARD, LEPOW and NEWMAN, 1968)....

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