Quantum detection and estimation theory
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...the mutual information depends both on Eve’s states and on the best measurement that Eve can perform to discriminate them, which can be constructed only for veryspecific examples of the set of states (Helstrom, 1976). c. General(orcoherent)attacks. Eve’s most generalstrategy includes so many possible variations (she may entangle several systems flying from Alice to Bob, she may modify her attack according to the r...
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...Ψ) is the original pure state’s entanglement and H = − P j pj log2 pj is the Shannon entropy of the measurement outcomes. All local treatments (eg generalized or positive operator valued measurements [6]) that Alice might apply can be cast in this form, if necessary by considering her operations to be performed in an appropriately enlarged Hilbert space. In particular, unitary transformations by Alic...
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...eatment does not correspond to any von Neumann measurement in the original 2-dimensional spin space, but rather to a two-outcome generalized measurement or POVM (positive-operator-valued measurement) [6,7]. If the particle is not absorbed or deflected, its residual state after this treatment will be a maximally mixed state of spin up and spin down. Now suppose Alice tells Bob the result of her generaliz...
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