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Quantum dot heterostructures
01 Jan 1999-
TL;DR: In this paper, the growth and structural characterisation of self-organized Quantum Dots are discussed. But they do not consider the model of ideal and real quantum Dots.
Abstract: Fabrication Techniques for Quantum Dots. Self-Organization Concepts on Crystal Surfaces. Growth and Structural Characterization of Self-Organized Quantum Dots. Modeling of Ideal and Real Quantum Dots. Electronic and Optical Properties. Electrical Properties. Photonic Devices. References. Index.
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TL;DR: This work presents an autonomous ordering and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined surfaces that combines ease of fabrication with exquisite control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the surface structures formed.
Abstract: The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials.
2,013 citations
TL;DR: A cross-disciplinary review of the essential characteristics of excitons in nanoscience is presented, highlighting the importance of quantum dots, conjugated polymers, carbon nanotubes and photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes.
Abstract: Nanoscale systems are forecast to be a means of integrating desirable attributes of molecular and bulk regimes into easily processed materials. Notable examples include plastic light-emitting devices and organic solar cells, the operation of which hinge on the formation of electronic excited states, excitons, in complex nanostructured materials. The spectroscopy of nanoscale materials reveals details of their collective excited states, characterized by atoms or molecules working together to capture and redistribute excitation. What is special about excitons in nanometre-sized materials? Here we present a cross-disciplinary review of the essential characteristics of excitons in nanoscience. Topics covered include confinement effects, localization versus delocalization, exciton binding energy, exchange interactions and exciton fine structure, exciton-vibration coupling and dynamics of excitons. Important examples are presented in a commentary that overviews the present understanding of excitons in quantum dots, conjugated polymers, carbon nanotubes and photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes.
1,156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots are reviewed, and the formation of the so-called maximum-density droplet and its edge reconstruction is discussed.
Abstract: The properties of quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots are reviewed. Experimental techniques for measuring the electronic shell structure and the effect of magnetic fields are briefly described. The electronic structure is analyzed in terms of simple single-particle models, density-functional theory, and "exact" diagonalization methods. The spontaneous magnetization due to Hund's rule, spin-density wave states, and electron localization are addressed. As a function of the magnetic field, the electronic structure goes through several phases with qualitatively different properties. The formation of the so-called maximum-density droplet and its edge reconstruction is discussed, and the regime of strong magnetic fields in finite dot is examined. In addition, quasi-one-dimensional rings, deformed dots, and dot molecules are considered. (Less)
1,133 citations
Cites methods from "Quantum dot heterostructures"
...For a description of the self-organized growth of quantum dots at the surfaces of crystals we refer the reader to the monograph by Bimberg, Grundmann, and Ledentsov (1999)....
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TL;DR: Between 7 and 100 K the polarization decay has two distinct components resulting in a non-Lorentzian line shape with a lifetime-limited zero-phonon line and a broadband from elastic exciton-acoustic phonon interactions.
Abstract: We measure a dephasing time of several hundred picoseconds at low temperature in the ground-state transition of strongly confined InGaAs quantum dots, using a highly sensitive four-wave mixing technique. Between 7 and 100 K the polarization decay has two distinct components resulting in a non-Lorentzian line shape with a lifetime-limited zero-phonon line and a broadband from elastic exciton-acoustic phonon interactions.
896 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of theoretical concepts and experimental results on spontaneous formation of periodically ordered nanometer-scale structures on crystal surfaces is given, and the experimental situation for the fabrication technology of ordered arrays of semiconductor quantum dots is analyzed.
Abstract: A review is given of theoretical concepts and experimental results on spontaneous formation of periodically ordered nanometer-scale structures on crystal surfaces. Thermodynamic theory is reviewed for various classes of spontaneously ordered nanostructures, namely, for periodically faceted surfaces, for periodic surface structures of planar domains, and for ordered arrays of three-dimensional coherently strained islands. All these structures are described as equilibrium structures of elastic domains. Despite the fact that driving forces of the instability of a homogeneous phase are different in each case, the common driving force for the long-range ordering of the inhomogeneous phase is the elastic interaction. The theory of the formation of multisheet structures of islands is reviewed, which is governed by both equilibrium ordering and kinetic-controlled ordering. For the islands of the first sheet, an equilibrium structure is formed, and for the next sheets, the structure of the surface islands meets the equilibrium under the constraint of the fixed structures of the buried islands. The experimental situation for the fabrication technology of ordered arrays of semiconductor quantum dots is analyzed, including a discussion of both single-sheet and multiple-sheet ordered arrays.
861 citations