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Journal ArticleDOI

Quantum Illumination with Gaussian States

18 Dec 2008-Physical Review Letters (American Physical Society)-Vol. 101, Iss: 25, pp 253601-253601
TL;DR: By making the optimum joint measurement on the light received from the target region together with the retained spontaneous parametric down-conversion idler beam, the quantum-illumination system realizes a 6 dB advantage in the error-probability exponent over the optimum reception coherent-state system.
Abstract: An optical transmitter irradiates a target region containing a bright thermal-noise bath in which a low-reflectivity object might be embedded. The light received from this region is used to decide whether the object is present or absent. The performance achieved using a coherent-state transmitter is compared with that of a quantum-illumination transmitter, i.e., one that employs the signal beam obtained from spontaneous parametric down-conversion. By making the optimum joint measurement on the light received from the target region together with the retained spontaneous parametric down-conversion idler beam, the quantum-illumination system realizes a 6 dB advantage in the error-probability exponent over the optimum reception coherent-state system. This advantage accrues despite there being no entanglement between the light collected from the target region and the retained idler beam.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on continuous-variable quantum information processes that rely on any combination of Gaussian states, Gaussian operations, and Gaussian measurements, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation, quantum teleportation, and quantum state and channel discrimination.
Abstract: The science of quantum information has arisen over the last two decades centered on the manipulation of individual quanta of information, known as quantum bits or qubits. Quantum computers, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation are among the most celebrated ideas that have emerged from this new field. It was realized later on that using continuous-variable quantum information carriers, instead of qubits, constitutes an extremely powerful alternative approach to quantum information processing. This review focuses on continuous-variable quantum information processes that rely on any combination of Gaussian states, Gaussian operations, and Gaussian measurements. Interestingly, such a restriction to the Gaussian realm comes with various benefits, since on the theoretical side, simple analytical tools are available and, on the experimental side, optical components effecting Gaussian processes are readily available in the laboratory. Yet, Gaussian quantum information processing opens the way to a wide variety of tasks and applications, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation, quantum teleportation, and quantum state and channel discrimination. This review reports on the state of the art in this field, ranging from the basic theoretical tools and landmark experimental realizations to the most recent successful developments.

2,781 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: "Quantum sensing" describes the use of a quantum system, quantum properties or quantum phenomena to perform a measurement of a physical quantity Historical examples of quantum sensors include magnetometers based on superconducting quantum interference devices and atomic vapors, or atomic clocks More recently, quantum sensing has become a distinct and rapidly growing branch of research within the area of quantum science and technology, with the most common platforms being spin qubits, trapped ions and flux qubits The field is expected to provide new opportunities - especially with regard to high sensitivity and precision - in applied physics and other areas of science In this review, we provide an introduction to the basic principles, methods and concepts of quantum sensing from the viewpoint of the interested experimentalist

1,878 citations

01 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the state of the art in continuous-variable quantum information processing can be found, ranging from the basic theoretical tools and landmark experimental realizations to the most recent successful developments.
Abstract: The science of quantum information has arisen over the last two decades centered on the manipulation of individual quanta of information, known as quantum bits or qubits. Quantum computers, quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation are among the most celebrated ideas that have emerged from this new field. It was realized later on that using continuous-variable quantum information carriers, instead of qubits, constitutes an extremely powerful alternative approach to quantum information processing. This review focuses on continuous-variable quantum information processes that rely on any combination of Gaussian states, Gaussian operations, and Gaussian measurements. Interestingly, such a restriction to the Gaussian realm comes with various benefits, since on the theoretical side, simple analytical tools are available and, on the experimental side, optical components effecting Gaussian processes are readily available in the laboratory. Yet, Gaussian quantum information processing opens the way to a wide variety of tasks and applications, including quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation, quantum teleportation, and quantum state and channel discrimination. This review reports on the state of the art in this field, ranging from the basic theoretical tools and landmark experimental realizations to the most recent successful developments.

1,374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review begins by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems, and considers aspects of device independence, satellite challenges, and high rate protocols based on continuous variable systems.
Abstract: Quantum cryptography is arguably the fastest growing area in quantum information science. Novel theoretical protocols are designed on a regular basis, security proofs are constantly improving, and experiments are gradually moving from proof-of-principle lab demonstrations to in-field implementations and technological prototypes. In this paper, we provide both a general introduction and a state-of-the-art description of the recent advances in the field, both theoretical and experimental. We start by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems. Next we consider aspects of device independence, satellite challenges, and protocols based on continuous-variable systems. We will then discuss the ultimate limits of point-to-point private communications and how quantum repeaters and networks may overcome these restrictions. Finally, we will discuss some aspects of quantum cryptography beyond standard quantum key distribution, including quantum random number generators and quantum digital signatures.

769 citations


Cites background or methods from "Quantum Illumination with Gaussian ..."

  • ...[601] for a recent review on quantum channel discrimination with applications to quantum illumination [602, 603], quantum reading [604] and optical resolution [605–607]....

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  • ...For this matrix S, we know closed formulas only for specific types of two-mode Gaussian states [768] which appear in problems of quantum sensing [601], such as quantum illumination [603] and quantum reading [604]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of quantum-enhanced measurements can be found, including the use of more general quantum correlations such as quantum discord, identical particles, or non-trivial hamiltonians, and the estimation of thermodynamical parameters or parameters characterizing non-equilibrium states.
Abstract: Quantum-enhanced measurements exploit quantum mechanical effects for increasing the sensitivity of measurements of certain physical parameters and have great potential for both fundamental science and concrete applications. Most of the research has so far focused on using highly entangled states, which are, however, difficult to produce and to stabilize for a large number of constituents. In the following we review alternative mechanisms, notably the use of more general quantum correlations such as quantum discord, identical particles, or non-trivial hamiltonians; the estimation of thermodynamical parameters or parameters characterizing non-equilibrium states; and the use of quantum phase transitions. We describe both theoretically achievable enhancements and enhanced sensitivities, not primarily based on entanglement, that have already been demonstrated experimentally, and indicate some possible future research directions.

383 citations


Cites background from "Quantum Illumination with Gaussian ..."

  • ...A fundamental protocol which is closely related to quantum metrology is quantum channel discrimination (Acin, 2001; Childs et al., 2000; Invernizzi et al., 2011; Lloyd, 2008; Pirandola, 2011; Sacchi, 2005; Tan et al., 2008), which may be seen as a sort of digitalized version of quantum metrology....

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  • ...Nevertheless the scheme assures a superior performance with respect to the use of coherent states; in particular, an increase by a factor 4 of the exponent −(lnP (e))/M of the asymptotic error probability P (e) (where M is the number of transmissions) (Tan et al., 2008)....

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  • ...One which is very well known is quantum illumination (Lloyd, 2008; Tan et al., 2008) which forms the basis for a “quantum radar” (Barzanjeh et al., 2015)....

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