Quasi-achromatic Fresnel zone lens with ring focus.
TL;DR: Experimental results confirm the generation of a wavelength-independent ring pattern at the focus of the rf-FZL, which is found to be quasi-achromatic, in that the diameter is wavelength independent but its location is not.
Abstract: The phase of a standard Fresnel zone lens (FZL) is periodically modulated in the radial direction using the phase of a binary fraxicon. The resulting element (rf-FZL) focuses light into a ring. The ring is found to be quasi-achromatic, in that the diameter is wavelength independent but its location is not. The binary rf-FZL is fabricated using electron beam direct writing. Experimental results confirm the generation of a wavelength-independent ring pattern at the focus of the rf-FZL. An efficiency of 24% was obtained. The variation in radius of ring pattern was reduced from 61 μm to less than 10 nm for a corresponding wavelength variation from 532 to 633 nm.
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TL;DR: This study demonstrates a single camera shot, lensless, interferenceless, motionless, non-scanning, space, spectrum, and time resolved five-dimensional incoherent imaging technique using tailored chaotic waves with quasi-random intensity and phase distributions.
Abstract: Multispectral imaging technology is a valuable scientific tool for various applications in astronomy, remote sensing, molecular fingerprinting, and fluorescence imaging. In this study, we demonstrate a single camera shot, lensless, interferenceless, motionless, non-scanning, space, spectrum, and time resolved five-dimensional incoherent imaging technique using tailored chaotic waves with quasi-random intensity and phase distributions. Chaotic waves can distinctly encode spatial and spectral information of an object in single self-interference intensity distribution. In this study, a tailored chaotic wave with a nearly pure phase function and lowest correlation noise is generated using a quasi-random array of pinholes. A unique sequence of signal processing techniques is applied to extract all possible spatial and spectral channels with the least entropy. The depth-wavelength reciprocity is exploited to see colour from depth and depth from colour and the physics of beam propagation is exploited to see at one depth by calibrating at another.
38 citations
Cites background from "Quasi-achromatic Fresnel zone lens ..."
...Quasi-achromatic lenses with capabilities to change focal distance by changing wavelength wavelength have been investigated [7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the beam generated by different beam generation and focused ion beam milling methods is presented. And in order to be able to compare methods, specific functions of ring generation and focusing have been added in all cases.
Abstract: Diffractive optics has traditionally been used to transform a parallel beam of light into a pattern with a desired phase and intensity distribution. One of the advantages of using diffractive optics is the fact that multiple functions can be integrated into one element. Although, in theory, several functions can be combined, the efficiency is reduced with each added function. Also, depending on the nature of each function, feature sizes could get finer. Optical lithography with its 1 μm limit becomes inadequate for fabrication and sophisticated tools such as e-beam lithography and focused ion beam milling are required. Two different techniques, namely, a modulo-2π phase addition technique and an analog technique for design and fabrication of composite elements are studied. A comparison of the beams generated in both cases is presented. In order to be able to compare methods, specific functions of ring generation and focusing have been added in all cases.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a binary composite diffractive optical element with the functions of a spiral phase plate (SPP), an axicon, and a Fresnel zone lens (FZL) were designed with different topological charges.
Abstract: Binary composite diffractive optical elements with the functions of a spiral phase plate (SPP), an axicon, and a Fresnel zone lens (FZL) were designed with different topological charges. The element was designed in two steps. In the first step, the function of an SPP was combined with that of an axicon by spiraling the periods of the axicon with respect to the phase of the SPP followed by a modulo- 2π phase addition with the phase of an FZL in the second step. The higher-order Bessel beams generated by the binary phase spiral axicon are superposed at the FZL’s focal plane. Although location of the focal plane is wavelength dependent, the radius of the flower-like beams generated by the element was found to be independent of wavelength. The element was fabricated using electron-beam direct writing. The evaluation results matched well with the simulation results, generating flower-like beams at the focal plane of the FZL.
11 citations
Cites background from "Quasi-achromatic Fresnel zone lens ..."
...Therefore, the increase in diffraction angle of the spiral axicon and the decrease in focal length of the FZL cancel each other out, resulting in a wavelength independent diameter of the flower-like pattern.(33) The wavelength dependency is analyzed for a variation of wavelength by 50 nm for Λ 1⁄4 190 μm....
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...The combination of a binary axicon with a binary FZL enables the wavelength independent ring diameter property.(33) As seen earlier,(33) when the wavelength changes, the diameter of the irradiance profile remains constant although there is a shift in the focal plane position....
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18 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a co-axial pump (optical)-probe (x-rays) experimental concept and show performance of the optical component are presented and different realisations of optical pump are discussed.
Abstract: We put forward a co-axial pump (optical)-probe (x-rays) experimental concept and show performance of the optical component. A Bessel beam generator with a central 100 µm diameter hole (on the optical axis) was fabricated using femtosecond (fs) laser structuring inside a silica plate. This flat-axicon optical element produces a needle-like axial intensity distribution which can be used for the optical pump pulse. The fs-x-ray free electron laser (X-FEL) beam of sub-1 µm diameter can be introduced through the central hole along the optical axis onto a target as a probe. Different realisations of optical pump are discussed. Such optical elements facilitate alignment of ultra-short fs-pulses in space and time and can be used in light–matter interaction experiments at extreme energy densities on the surface and in the volume of targets. Full advantage of ultra-short 10 fs-X-FEL probe pulses with fs-pump (optical) opens an unexplored temporal dimension of phase transitions and the fastest laser-induced rates of material heating and quenching. A wider field of applications of fs-laser-enabled structuring of materials and design of specific optical elements for astrophotonics is presented.
10 citations
TL;DR: Nonlinear reconstruction (NLR) as discussed by the authors was developed in 2017 to reconstruct the object image in the case of optical-scattering modulators, which can reconstruct an object image modulated by an axicons, bifocal lenses and even exotic spiral diffractive elements, which generate deterministic optical fields.
Abstract: Indirect-imaging methods involve at least two steps, namely optical recording and computational reconstruction. The optical-recording process uses an optical modulator that transforms the light from the object into a typical intensity distribution. This distribution is numerically processed to reconstruct the object’s image corresponding to different spatial and spectral dimensions. There have been numerous optical-modulation functions and reconstruction methods developed in the past few years for different applications. In most cases, a compatible pair of the optical-modulation function and reconstruction method gives optimal performance. A new reconstruction method, termed nonlinear reconstruction (NLR), was developed in 2017 to reconstruct the object image in the case of optical-scattering modulators. Over the years, it has been revealed that the NLR can reconstruct an object’s image modulated by an axicons, bifocal lenses and even exotic spiral diffractive elements, which generate deterministic optical fields. Apparently, NLR seems to be a universal reconstruction method for indirect imaging. In this review, the performance of NLR isinvestigated for many deterministic and stochastic optical fields. Simulation and experimental results for different cases are presented and discussed.
9 citations
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TL;DR: Computer modeling and fabrication of a binary DOE for the formation of the desired light distributions are realized and the results of scanning electron microscopy analysis of the diffractive relief produced by the 2PP technique are presented.
Abstract: Application of the two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique for the fabrication of binary radial diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to form a bottle-like intensity distribution, or “light bottle,” is studied. Computer modeling and fabrication of a binary DOE for the formation of the desired light distributions are realized. The results of scanning electron microscopy analysis of the diffractive relief produced by the 2PP technique and an investigation of the optical properties of the fabricated elements are presented.
23 citations
TL;DR: The fine structure of the annular images of circular gratings is analyzed in terms of diffraction patterns of axicon pairs in order to derive approximate expressions for the intensity distribution and energy content of the symmetric single and double lobe images.
Abstract: The fine structure of the annular images of circular gratings is analyzed in terms of diffraction patterns of axicon pairs. Each image arises substantially from only one converging and one diverging axicon of equal deflection angle. Single main lobe, symmetric double main lobe, and various intermediate asymmetric double lobe structures are obtained depending on the phase relationship and strengths of the two axicon beams, which in turn depend on the design of the circular grating. Approximate expressions are derived for the intensity distribution and energy content of the symmetric single and double lobe images.
23 citations
TL;DR: A Fresnel axicon (fraxicon) is designed and manufactured that generates a quasi-diffraction-free/Bessel beam with a large depth of field and its behavior is compared with that of a classical axicon.
Abstract: We design and manufacture a Fresnel axicon (fraxicon) that generates a quasi-diffraction-free/Bessel beam with a large depth of field. The novel optical element is characterized with both coherent and incoherent light, and its behavior is compared with that of a classical axicon. While the fraxicon exhibits a strong interference pattern in the on-axis intensity distribution, it can be smoothed out when using broadband light, partial spatial coherence light, or by period randomization. As inexpensive, compact/lightweight, and low-absorption elements, fraxicons may find applications in imaging, illumination, and situations where low absorption and dispersion are important.
20 citations
"Quasi-achromatic Fresnel zone lens ..." refers background in this paper
...The value of the phase (Φ1 or Φ2) controls the efficiency of the BFZL [15] or the BF....
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...Fresnel axicons (fraxicons) [14,15] and diffractive axicons [16,17] for generation of Bessel beams and ring patterns have also been proposed and demonstrated....
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TL;DR: A compact optics configuration for the generation of donut beams for trapping atoms at the micrometer scale using a multilevel spiral-phase Fresnel zone plate (FZP) and a semiconductor laser is proposed.
Abstract: A compact optics configuration for the generation of donut beams for trapping atoms at the micrometer scale using a multilevel spiral-phase Fresnel zone plate (FZP) and a semiconductor laser is proposed. A FZP is designed and a multilevel spiral phase is integrated into it. A spiral-phase FZP with a radius of 1 mm and with more than 1300 half-period zones is designed with multiple angular levels for integer and fractional topological charges, and the device is fabricated using electron-beam lithography direct writing. The performance of the device is evaluated, and the generation of symmetric and asymmetric donut beams is successfully demonstrated.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Fourier spectra of circular sinusoidal gratings with sine or cosine radial profiles are derived, and their particular properties are discussed; these results are then extended to the most general form of circular sine and cosine gratings.
19 citations