R1: a rule-based configurer of computer systems
TL;DR: R1 is a program that configures VAX-11/780 computer systems and uses Match as its principal problem solving method; it has sufficient knowledge of the configuration domain and of the peculiarities of the various configuration constraints that at each step in the configuration process, it simply recognizes what to do.
About: This article is published in Artificial Intelligence.The article was published on 1982-09-01. It has received 1001 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Configuration Management (ITSM) & Knowledge-based configuration.
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01 Jun 1990
TL;DR: An approach is presented that avoids this type of rules and thus the disadvantages caused by them and proposes a static knowledge base consisting of a set of object definitions interconnected by is-a and part-of links.
Abstract: In most expert systems for constructional tasks the knowledge base consists of a set of facts or object definitions and a set of rules. These rules contain knowledge about correct or ideal solutions as well as knowledge on how to control the construction process. In this paper we present an approach that avoids this type of rules and thus the disadvantages caused by them.We propose a static knowledge base consisting of a set of object definitions interconnected by is-a and part-of links. This conceptual hierarchy declaratively defines a taxonomy of domain objects and the aggregation of components to composite objects. Thus, the conceptual hierarchy describes the set of all admissible solutions to a constructional problem. Interdependencies between objects are represented by constraints. A solution is a syntactically complete and correct partial instantiation of the conceptual hierarchy.No control knowledge is included in the conceptual hierarchy. Instead, the control mechanism will use it as a guideline. It is thus possible to determine in which respects a current partial solution is incomplete, simply by comparing it with the conceptual hierarchy syntactically. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to represent control knowledge and structural knowledge separately.
10 citations
Cites result from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...Contrary to contexts in rule systems (cf. [McDermott82], [Beetz87], [S 1 o oway87j), the specification of phases is not due to the necessity of structuring rules by means of rule-sets (contexts)....
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...IJCAI 79, p-375-383, 1979 [Hayes-Roth851 Hayes-Roth,B.: A Blackboard Architecture for Control. in: Artificial Intelligence, Vol.26, p.251-321, 1985 [McDermott82] McDermott,J.: RI: A Rule-based Configurer of Computer Systems. in: Artificial Intelligence 19(l), p.39-88, 1982 [NilssonBP] Nilsson,…...
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TL;DR: The authors point out that part selection is the problem of choosing a set of parts that implements given functions and meets cost bounds, and an algorithm that generates optimal designs, and handles multiple cost attributes is presented.
Abstract: The authors point out that part selection is the problem of choosing a set of parts that implements given functions and meets cost bounds. Multiple-function parts make globally optimal part selection an exponentially complex task. Task difficulty is compounded by optimizing among multiple cost attributes. An algorithm that generates optimal designs, and handles multiple cost attributes is presented. >
10 citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: This thesis is that the same design strategy can be applied profitably to much broader, weaker methods than those that have been used in traditional method-based tools, and demonstrates this design strategy by applying it to the problem-solving method that underlies Soar, a general-purpose intelligent architecture.
Abstract: In recent years, the method-based approach to knowledge acquisition has received a great deal of attention The method-based approach abandons traditional AI programming techniques and languages Instead, method-based knowledge acquisition tools attempt to interact with the task developer in domain terms rather than computational terms These tools are built around highly-structured problem-solving methods, and use knowledge of the built-in methods to drive knowledge acquisition Method-based tools can be quite powerful, but the highly-structured method built into each tool limits its scope to a narrow range of tasks Furthermore, there are some expert system tasks for which no method-based tool has yet been built, despite serious efforts to do so SALT, KNACK, and OPAL are well-known method-based knowledge acquisition tools
Method-based tools are designed by identifying five basic tool components: (1) A task type that refers to the class of applications that the tool can be used to implement (2) A method that can perform tasks of this type The method has a number of knowledge roles that must be filled with domain knowledge to form a complete expert system (3) A computer representation for the method and the knowledge that fills its roles (4) A task language in which the task developer describes the knowledge that will fill the method's roles (5) A mapping from the task language to the method's knowledge roles and ultimately to the computer representation of those roles
My thesis is that this same design strategy can be applied profitably to much broader, weaker methods than those that have been used in traditional method-based tools I demonstrate my thesis by applying this design strategy to the problem-solving method that underlies Soar, a general-purpose intelligent architecture The resulting tool, TAQL, generally cannot be used by domain experts--using it requires programming skills However, in a sequence of task-development experiments, TAQL outperformed both SALT and KNACK, and proved to greatly surpass existing method-based tools in scope The experiments also indicate that TAQL can be learned quickly and that it scales well to large expert-system tasks
10 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper reviews briefly the track-record in AI and Machine Learning and finds this pattern of early dramatic successes, followed by philosophical critique and unexpected difficulties, if not downright stagnation, returning almost to the clock in 30-year cycles since 1958.
Abstract: In the last couple of years, the rise of Artificial Intelligence and the successes of academic breakthroughs in the field have been inescapable. Vast sums of money have been thrown at AI start-ups. Many existing tech companies -- including the giants like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Microsoft -- have opened new research labs. The rapid changes in these everyday work and entertainment tools have fueled a rising interest in the underlying technology itself; journalists write about AI tirelessly, and companies -- of tech nature or not -- brand themselves with AI, Machine Learning or Deep Learning whenever they get a chance. Confronting squarely this media coverage, several analysts are starting to voice concerns about over-interpretation of AI's blazing successes and the sometimes poor public reporting on the topic. This paper reviews briefly the track-record in AI and Machine Learning and finds this pattern of early dramatic successes, followed by philosophical critique and unexpected difficulties, if not downright stagnation, returning almost to the clock in 30-year cycles since 1958.
10 citations
Cites background from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...At the time, given the speculative nature of neurosciences, the computing power generally available, and the first commercial successes of practical AI applications [25, 21, 35] programs based on symbolic representations and logic processing were more than any others on their way to being of general use....
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TL;DR: A reference framework for configuration is proposed that permits a more precise understanding of a configuration task, a definition of the basic concepts in product configuration, and a total configuration system view that describes how operators come together to perform the configuration task in the configuration process.
Abstract: This paper presents a reference framework for the configuration process. The reference framework is established through an extensive review of existing literature, and as such consolidates an extensive theoretical base. The review of literature shows a broadening of the understanding of the configuration task. The definition of the configuration task is somewhat ambiguous because different research groups define configuration tasks differently. This paper proposes a reference framework for configuration that permits a more precise understanding of a configuration task, a definition of the basic concepts in product configuration, and a total configuration system view that describes how operators come together to perform the configuration task in the configuration process. We will define the product, the product model, the configuration task, and the configuration system, and put the whole thing into perspective with the theory of technical systems, where we describe the configuration process and the different abstraction level of configurations. We will also use our resulting framework to describe sales configuration, technical configuration, and reconfiguration. We do this to synthesize previous work, to clarify and make coherent definitions of relevant terms, to extent the definition of product configuration to include “softer” products like information and service, and finally, to give a comparative framework to analyze work done in the field of product configuration. The total configuration system, together with the definition of key concepts, comprises a strong reference framework when working with, developing, and analyzing configuration systems.
10 citations
Cites methods from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...The development of product configuration systems started with the research carried out on expert systems in the 1980s, where the XCON system at Digital Equipment was the most influential one (McDermott, 1982; Barker & O’Connor, 1989; McDermott, 1993)....
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References
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TL;DR: The Rete Match Algorithm is an efficient method for comparing a large collection of patterns to a largeCollection of objects that finds all the objects that match each pattern.
2,562 citations
TL;DR: The MYCIN system has begun to exhibit a high level of performance as a consultant on the difficult task of selecting antibiotic therapy for bacteremia and issues of representation and design for the system are discussed.
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Proceedings Article•
22 Aug 1977TL;DR: Some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages are explored and the adequacy of OPS is tried to show for its intended purpose.
Abstract: It has been claimed that production systems have several advantages over other representational schemes. These include the potential for general self-augmentation (i.e., learning of new behavior) and the ability to function in complex environments. The production system language, OPS, was implemented to test these claims. In this paper we explore some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages and try to show the adequacy of OPS for its intended purpose.
173 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this chapter we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support Using criteria developed here, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations
TL;DR: The role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands is explored.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this paper we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support. Using criteria developed in the paper, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations