R1: a rule-based configurer of computer systems
TL;DR: R1 is a program that configures VAX-11/780 computer systems and uses Match as its principal problem solving method; it has sufficient knowledge of the configuration domain and of the peculiarities of the various configuration constraints that at each step in the configuration process, it simply recognizes what to do.
About: This article is published in Artificial Intelligence.The article was published on 1982-09-01. It has received 1001 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Configuration Management (ITSM) & Knowledge-based configuration.
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TL;DR: Critiquing should be embedded in integrated design environments along with other components, such as an argumentative hypertext system, a specification component, and a catalog, to support learning as a by-product of problem solving.
Abstract: Cooperative problem-solving systems help users design solutions themselves as opposed to having solutions designed for them, Critiquing—presenting a reasoned opinion about a user’s product or action–is a major activity of a cooperative problem-solving system. Critics make the constructed artifact “talk back” to the user. Conditions under which critics are more appropriate than autonomous expert systems are discussed. Critics should be embedded in integrated design environments along with other components, such as an argumentative hypertext system, a specification component, and a catalog. Critics support learning as a by-product of problem solving. The major subprocesses of critiquing are goal acquisition, product analysis, critiquing strategies, adaptation capability, explanation and argumentation, and advisory capability. The generality of the critiquing approach is demonstrated by discussing critiquing systems developed in our group and elsewhere. Limitations of many current critics include their inability to learn about specific user goals and their intervention strategies.
180 citations
Cites background from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...The major difference between classical expert systems, such as MYCIN [6] and Rl [45], and cooperative problem-solving systems involves the roles of the human and computer....
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ILOG1
TL;DR: The main contribution of the work is to provide an object-oriented model completely integrated in the CSP schema, with inheritance and classification mechanisms, and with specific arc consistency algorithms.
Abstract: One of the main difficulties with configuration problem solving lies in the representation of the domain knowledge because many different aspects, such as taxonomy, topology, constraints, resource balancing, component generation, etc., have to be captured in a single model. This model must be expressive, declarative, and structured enough to be easy to maintain and to be easily used by many different kind of reasoning algorithms. This paper presents a new framework where a configuration problem is considered both as a classification problem and as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Our approach deeply blends concepts from the CSP and object-oriented paradigms to adopt the strengths of both. We expose how we have integrated taxonomic reasoning in the constraint programming schema. We also introduce new constrained variables with nonfinite domains to deal with the fact that the set of components is previously unknown and is constructed during the search for solution. Our work strongly focuses on the representation and the structuring of the domain knowledge, because the most common drawback of previous works is the difficulty to maintain the knowledge base that is due to a lack of structure and expressiveness of the knowledge representation model. The main contribution of our work is to provide an object-oriented model completely integrated in the CSP schema, with inheritance and classification mechanisms, and with specific arc consistency algorithms.
179 citations
Proceedings Article•
23 Aug 1987
TL;DR: A set of generic tasks have been found useful in cons t ruc t i ng knowledge systems and d iagnost ic reasoning is used to i l lus t ra te the approach.
Abstract: T h e level o f abs t rac t ion of m u c h of the w o r k in know ledge-based systems ( the ru le , f rame, logic level) is too low to prov ide a r ich enough vocabu la ry for knowledge and con t ro l . I prov ide an overv iew of a f r amework cal led the Generic Task approach that proposes t h a t knowledge systems shou ld be b u i l t out of b u i l d i n g blocks, each of wh ich is app rop r i a te for a basic t ype of p rob lem so lv ing. Each generic task uses forms of knowledge and cont ro l strategies that are character is t ic to i t , and are general ly conceptua l ly closer to doma in knowledge. Th i s fac i l i ta tes knowledge acqu is i t i on , and can produce a more perspicuous exp lana t ion of p rob lem so lv ing . The re la t ionsh ip of the const ructs at the generic task level to the ru le f rame level is analogous to t h a t between h igh level p r o g r a m m i n g languages and assembly languages. 1 describe a set of generic tasks t ha t have been found pa r t i cu la r l y useful in cons t ruc t i ng d iagnost ic , design and p lann ing systems; d iagnost ic reasoning is used to i l lus t ra te the approach . 1 describe the Generic Task Toolset for cons t ruc t i ng knowledge systems, w h i c h embodies the Generic Task app roach . I conclude w i t h the imp l i ca t i ons of this approach for the func t iona l a rch i tec ture of in te l l igence. 1. Overview of the Paper T h e f i rst pa r t of the paper is a c r i t i que of the level o f abs t rac t ion in much of the cu r ren t discussion on knowledge-based systems. I t w i l l be argued t ha t the level of ru leslog icf rames-networks is i napp rop r i a te for d iscussing m a n y issues of knowledge o rgan iza t ion and c o n t r o l . We advocate instead the level of abs t rac t ion associated w i t h the language of generic tasks, types of knowledge, and types of con t ro l
178 citations
Cites background from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...For example, the fact that Rl (McDermott 1982) performs a linear sequence of subtasks as a way of performing its design task is not explicitly encoded....
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TL;DR: The findings indicate that, although responding companies tend to rely on product configuration to customize their products, they are presented with a set of related difficulties as well: inadequate product information supply to the sales office, excess of repetitive activities within the technical office and high rate of configuration errors in production.
175 citations
TL;DR: SALT was used to build VT and provides an analysis of VT's knowledge base to assess its potential for convergence on a solution and provides the basis for a knowledge representation that is used by SALT, an automated knowledge-acquisition tool.
Abstract: VT (vertical transportation) is an expert system for handling the design of elevator systems that is currently in use at Westinghouse Elevator Company Although VT tries to postpone each decision in creating a design until all information that constrains the decision is known, for many decisions this postponement is not possible In these cases, VT uses the strategy of constructing a plausible approximation and successively refining it VT uses domain-specific knowledge to guide its backtracking search for successful refinements The VT architecture provides the basis for a knowledge representation that is used by SALT, an automated knowledge-acquisition tool SALT was used to build VT and provides an analysis of VT's knowledge base to assess its potential for convergence on a solution
174 citations
Cites background from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...R1 (McDermott 1982) is a system that constructs a solution but uses a strategy for plausible reasoning which might be described as "lookaround....
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...Rl (McDermott 1982) is a system that constructs a solution but uses a strategy for plausible reasoning which might be described as “lookaround.”...
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References
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TL;DR: The Rete Match Algorithm is an efficient method for comparing a large collection of patterns to a largeCollection of objects that finds all the objects that match each pattern.
2,562 citations
TL;DR: The MYCIN system has begun to exhibit a high level of performance as a consultant on the difficult task of selecting antibiotic therapy for bacteremia and issues of representation and design for the system are discussed.
619 citations
Proceedings Article•
22 Aug 1977TL;DR: Some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages are explored and the adequacy of OPS is tried to show for its intended purpose.
Abstract: It has been claimed that production systems have several advantages over other representational schemes. These include the potential for general self-augmentation (i.e., learning of new behavior) and the ability to function in complex environments. The production system language, OPS, was implemented to test these claims. In this paper we explore some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages and try to show the adequacy of OPS for its intended purpose.
173 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this chapter we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support Using criteria developed here, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations
TL;DR: The role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands is explored.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this paper we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support. Using criteria developed in the paper, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations