R1: a rule-based configurer of computer systems
TL;DR: R1 is a program that configures VAX-11/780 computer systems and uses Match as its principal problem solving method; it has sufficient knowledge of the configuration domain and of the peculiarities of the various configuration constraints that at each step in the configuration process, it simply recognizes what to do.
About: This article is published in Artificial Intelligence.The article was published on 1982-09-01. It has received 1001 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Configuration Management (ITSM) & Knowledge-based configuration.
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TL;DR: This research has been analyzed systematically by the OMT (object modeling technique) method, which integrates the object, functional, and dynamic models, and a commercial expert system shell, Nexpert Object, is adapted for the implementation.
Abstract: As printing machines attain higher operating speeds, paper feeding mechanisms are more prone to problems such as vibration, noise, and paper jams. To design reliable paper feeding mechanisms, designers first use heuristic knowledge to decide the basic specifications of the printer according to the user's requirements. In the preliminary design stage, the design process is represented hierarchically and the characteristics of each part are determined. Conceptually, the process is analogous to the methodology used in configuration design. In this research, the design process has been analyzed systematically by the OMT (object modeling technique) method, which integrates the object, functional, and dynamic models. The physical parts of the paper feeding mechanism are represented as objects, and the design knowledge and design constraints are represented by rules and methods. A commercial expert system shell, Nexpert Object, is adapted for the implementation. The inferred results are converted to create the BOM (bill of materials) data and are saved in a database for the detailed design and production stage.
9 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that the knowledge-based systems paradigm is relevant, and distinguishes low- level from high-level design knowledge, and proposes that low-level knowledge- based systems are viable in the short term.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with computer aids in architectural design, focusing on decision-making rather than drafting or representation. It argues that the knowledge-based systems paradigm is relevant, and distinguishes low-level from high-level design knowledge. It proposes that low-level knowledge-based systems are viable in the short term. An example, concerning the specification of fixings in buildings, is described. Generalization to high-level design knowledge is discussed.
9 citations
01 Jan 2011
9 citations
Cites methods from "R1: a rule-based configurer of comp..."
...The original rule-based approach used in the R1/XCON system [10, 64] has the disadvantage that it incurs important maintenance issues, due to rules having influence on both directed relationships (i....
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TL;DR: The thrust of Newell's argument is that the SOAR program is an appropriate vehicle for building theories of thought at the cognitive and rational levels, and implicitly assumes that complex programs such as SOAR are appropriate ways of expressing theories of cognition.
Abstract: Newell's SOAR proposal is just that, soaring. It attempts to gather almost all of cognitive psychology under a single theoretical tent. Newel1 distinguishes several levels or, as he sometimes calls them, bands of human behavior and suggests that qualitatively different laws apply to each. In Newell's terms, there are seals between each level. In particular, he distinguishes between biological, cognitive, and rational bands, with their own explanatory laws. (He also discusses a social band, but we shall not.) The thrust of his argument is that the SOAR program is an appropriate vehicle for building theories of thought at the cognitive and rational levels. This argument implicitly assumes that complex programs such as SOAR are appropriate ways of expressing theories of cognition. We raise two auestions. Do these three bands indeed \"carve nature at its joints,\" so that self-contained theories are possible within each? And is SOAR, or anything like it, an acceptable form for a theory? Newell's biological band is defined, conceptually, by such physical mechanisms as neural transmission. He argues that basic events in this band span from 10 to 100 msec, and the relevant laws are physical and causal. The cognitive band spans from 0.1 to 10 sec and encompasses the phenomenon of information-processing psychology. In particular, symbols are manipulated with little regard to their semantics. An example is the operation of fetching an item from long-term to working memory. Finally, the knowledge level deals with the semantics of symbol manipulation. The congressman who says \"When in doubt I always vote against Congressman Y\" is operating at this level. Causal relations here reflect the semantics of the world. The notion of a clear distinction between the biological and cognitive levels is directly challenged by the success of connectionist models designed to derive information-processing functions, such as the Hick-Hyman law (Keele 1986, pp. 30-35) from models of biological organization. To the extent that connectionism is successful, it directly challenges Newell's position. We are equally skeptical about a seal between the upper-level cognitive and the representational bands. According to Newell, at the upper level of cognition actions take upwards of 10 sec to execute, which is well beyond the time it takes to comprehend a moderately complex sentence and incorporate its meaning into one's representation ofthe text. Clearly, the semantics ofwhat is being read affects both the strategy used and the ability to incorporate new information into a text. The seal leaks downward from knowledge to cognition. Similarly, the knowledge level is influenced by working memory limitations, especially in situations in which knowledge must be accessed quickly. This is an example of how actions in Newell's knowledge band may be sharply constrained by causal relations at the informationprocessing level. This is not to deny the existence of purely
9 citations
AT&T1
01 Jun 1988-International Journal of Human-computer Studies \/ International Journal of Man-machine Studies
TL;DR: The DM 2 algorithm was implemented and tested on a hypothetical diagnostic problem as well as on a real-world expert system prototype for telecommunication networks maintenance at AT & T, demonstrating that the dynamic mental model approach promotes system robustness, program correctness, software re-use, and the ease of knowledge base modification and maintenance.
Abstract: This paper presents DM2 (Dynamic Mental Models) as a general algorithm that combines both analytical models and experiental knowledge in diagnostic problem solving. The algorithm mimics a human expert in formulating and using an internal, cognitive representation of a physical system during the process of diagnosis. This internal representation, known as a mental model, originates from an analytical model but it changes dynamically to various levels of abstraction that are most appropriate for efficient diagnosis. An analytical model is represented as structure and behaviour, whereas experiential knowledge is expressed in terms of pattern-recognition, topological clustering, topological pruning, and recommendation rules. The DM2 algorithm was implemented and tested on a hypothetical diagnostic problem as well as on a [real-world expert system prototype for telecommunication networks maintenance at AT & T.] These two applications demonstrate that the dynamic mental model approach promotes system robustness, program correctness, software re-use, and the ease of knowledge base modification and maintenance.
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: The Rete Match Algorithm is an efficient method for comparing a large collection of patterns to a largeCollection of objects that finds all the objects that match each pattern.
2,562 citations
TL;DR: The MYCIN system has begun to exhibit a high level of performance as a consultant on the difficult task of selecting antibiotic therapy for bacteremia and issues of representation and design for the system are discussed.
619 citations
Proceedings Article•
22 Aug 1977TL;DR: Some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages are explored and the adequacy of OPS is tried to show for its intended purpose.
Abstract: It has been claimed that production systems have several advantages over other representational schemes. These include the potential for general self-augmentation (i.e., learning of new behavior) and the ability to function in complex environments. The production system language, OPS, was implemented to test these claims. In this paper we explore some of the issues that bear on the design of production system languages and try to show the adequacy of OPS for its intended purpose.
173 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this chapter we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support Using criteria developed here, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations
TL;DR: The role of conflict resolution in providing support for production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands is explored.
Abstract: Production systems designed to function and grow in environments that make large numbers of different, sometimes competing, and sometimes unexpected demands require support from their interpreters that is qualitatively different from the support required by systems that can be carefully hand crafted to function in constrained environments. In this paper we explore the role of conflict resolution in providing such support. Using criteria developed in the paper, we evaluate both individual conflict resolution rules and strategies that make use of several rules.
102 citations