Book•
Racial Formation in the United States
01 Jan 1986-
TL;DR: The theory of race formation in the United States has been studied extensively in the literature, e.g., in this paper, with a focus on three categories of race: ethnicity, class, and nation.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Racial Formation in the United States Part I: PARADIGMS OF RACE: eTHNICITY, CLASS, AND NATION 1. Ethnicity 2. Class 3. Nation Part II: RACIAL FORMATION 4. The Theory of Racial Formation 5. Racial Politics and the Racial State Part III: RACIAL POLITICS SINCE World War II 6. The Great Transformation 7. Racial Reaction: Containment and Rearticulation 8. Colorblindness, Neoliberalism, and Obama CONCLUSION: The Contrarieties of Race
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: Critical race theory (CRT) as discussed by the authors is a counter-legal scholarship to the positivist and liberal legal discourse of civil rights, arguing against the slow pace of racial reform in the United States.
Abstract: Critical race theory (CRT) first emerged as a counterlegal scholarship to the positivistand liberal legal discourse of civil rights. This scholarly tradition argues against the slow pace of racial reform in the United States. Critical race theory begins with the notion that racism is normal in American society. It departs from mainstream legal scholarship by sometimes employing storytelling. It critiques liberalism and argues that Whites have been the primary beneficiaries of civil rights legislation.Since schooling in the USA purports to prepare citizens, CRT looks at how citizenship and race might interact. Critical race theory's usefulness in understanding education inequity is in its infancy. It requires a critique of some of the civil rights era's most cherished legal victories and educationalreform movements, such as multiculturalism. The paper concludes with words of caution about the use of CRT in education without a more thorough analysis of the legal literature upon which it is based.
2,995 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that a focus on structural racism offers a concrete, feasible, and promising approach towards advancing health equity and improving population health.
2,615 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine three interdependent sets of concerns: intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies, intersectional as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena, and intersectional knowledge project as critical praxis that informs social justice projects.
Abstract: The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this general consensus, definitions of what counts as intersectionality are far from clear. In this article, I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'etre lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities. I examine three interdependent sets of concerns: (a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies; (b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena; and (c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects.
1,228 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that although racism is rarely explicitly discussed, a normative conceptualization of racism informs the research and that this prevailing conception overly narrow and restrictive, it also denies the spatiality of racism.
Abstract: Geographic studies of environmental racism have focused on the spatial relationships between environmental hazards and community demographics in order to determine if inequity exists. Conspicuously absent within this literature, however, is any substantive discussion of racism. This paper seeks to address this shortcoming in two ways. I first investigate how racism is understood and expressed in the literature. I argue that although racism is rarely explicitly discussed, a normative conceptualization of racism informs the research. Not only is this prevailing conception overly narrow and restrictive, it also denies the spatiality of racism. Consequently, my second goal is to demonstrate how various forms of racism contribute to environmental racism. In addition to conventional understandings of racism, I emphasize white privilege, a highly structural and spatial form of racism. Using Los Angeles as a case study, I examine how whites have secured relatively cleaner environments by moving away from older in...
1,159 citations
Cites methods from "Racial Formation in the United Stat..."
...An oft-cited example of this is Senator Jesse Helm’s 1992 campaign TV ad featuring a white working-class man denied a job, what should have been his job, because of affirmative action (Omi and Winant 1994:182)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the psychological and emotional effects of racism on people of Color and discuss a model to understand, recognize, and assess race-based traumatic stress to aid counseling and psychological assessment, research and training.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychological and emotional effects of racism on people of Color. Psychological models and research on racism, discrimination, stress, and trauma will be integrated to promote a model to be used to understand, recognize, and assess race-based traumatic stress to aid counseling and psychological assessment, research, and training.
1,015 citations
Cites background from "Racial Formation in the United Stat..."
...…century there have been efforts to address the history of racial injustice and oppression in many areas of American life (Jaynes & Williams, 1989; Omi & Winant, 1986, 1994), including in the domain of mental health practice and service (Carter, 1995; Prilleltensky & Gonick, 1994; Sue & Sue,…...
[...]
...Omi and Winant (1986, 1994) argued that more than anything, “race” is a sociohistorical concept....
[...]
...…and cultural racism; Jones & Carter, 1996); and (e) a central principle of power and social relations that changes form and shape as the 74 THE COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST / January 2007 political and historical context and purpose of racism changes (i.e., racial formation; Omi & Winant, 1986, 1994)....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Althusser's "For Marx" (1965) and "Reading Capital" (1968) had an enormous influence on the New Left of the 1960s and continues to influence modern Marxist scholarship as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: No figure among the western Marxist theoreticians has loomed larger in the postwar period than Louis Althusser. A rebel against the Catholic tradition in which he was raised, Althusser studied philosophy and later joined both the faculty of the Ecole normal superieure and the French Communist Party in 1948. Viewed as a "structuralist Marxist," Althusser was as much admired for his independence of intellect as he was for his rigorous defense of Marx. The latter was best illustrated in "For Marx" (1965), and "Reading Capital" (1968). These works, along with "Lenin and Philosophy "(1971) had an enormous influence on the New Left of the 1960s and continues to influence modern Marxist scholarship. This classic work, which to date has sold more than 30,000 copies, covers the range of Louis Althusser's interests and contributions in philosophy, economics, psychology, aesthetics, and political science. Marx, in Althusser's view, was subject in his earlier writings to the ruling ideology of his day. Thus for Althusser, the interpretation of Marx involves a repudiation of all efforts to draw from Marx's early writings a view of Marx as a "humanist" and "historicist." Lenin and Philosophy also contains Althusser's essay on Lenin's study of Hegel; a major essay on the state, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," "Freud and Lacan: A letter on Art in Reply to Andre Daspre," and "Cremonini, Painter of the Abstract." The book opens with a 1968 interview in which Althusser discusses his personal, political, and intellectual history."
3,547 citations