Raman spectroscopy of biological tissues
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed review of the recent advances in Raman spectroscopy, in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology, is presented, which summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments.
Abstract: This article reviews some of the recent advances in Raman spectroscopy, in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology. It summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments. The aim of this study is to prepare a database of molecular fingerprints, which will help researchers in defining the chemical structure of the biological tissues introducing most of the important peaks present in the natural tissues. In spite of applying different methods, there seems to be a considerable similarity in defining the peaks of identical areas of the spectra. As a result, it is believed that preparing a unique collection of the frequencies encountered in Raman spectroscopic studies can lead to significant improvements both in the quantity and quality of spectral data and their outcomes. This article is the first review of its kind to provide a precise database on the most important Raman characteristic peak frequencies for researchers aiming to analyze natural tissues by Raman ...
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology is presented, which summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments.
Abstract: This article reviews some of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology. It is the second review publication resulting from a detailed study on the applications of spectroscopic methods in biological studies and summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments. The aim of these studies is to prepare a database of molecular fingerprints, which will help researchers in defining the chemical structure of the biological tissues introducing most of the important peaks present in the natural tissues. In spite of applying different methods, there seems to be a considerable similarity in defining the peaks of identical areas of the FTIR spectra. As a result, it is believed that preparing a unique collection of the frequencies encountered in FTIR spectroscopic studies can lead to significant improvements both in the quantity and quality of research and their outcomes. This article is the first review of its kind that provides...
1,253 citations
Cites background from "Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..."
...A detailed definition of Raman spectroscopy and its application in biological studies has been presented 18 ....
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TL;DR: A robust approach for sample preparation, instrumentation, acquisition parameters and data processing is explored and it is expected that a typical Raman experiment can be performed by a nonspecialist user to generate high-quality data for biological materials analysis.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic Raman spectra, which means that Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective analytical approach in geology, semiconductor, materials and polymer science fields. The application of Raman spectroscopy and microscopy within biology is rapidly increasing because it can provide chemical and compositional information, but it does not typically suffer from interference from water molecules. Analysis does not conventionally require extensive sample preparation; biochemical and structural information can usually be obtained without labeling. In this protocol, we aim to standardize and bring together multiple experimental approaches from key leaders in the field for obtaining Raman spectra using a microspectrometer. As examples of the range of biological samples that can be analyzed, we provide instructions for acquiring Raman spectra, maps and images for fresh plant tissue, formalin-fixed and fresh frozen mammalian tissue, fixed cells and biofluids. We explore a robust approach for sample preparation, instrumentation, acquisition parameters and data processing. By using this approach, we expect that a typical Raman experiment can be performed by a nonspecialist user to generate high-quality data for biological materials analysis.
814 citations
TL;DR: Biochemical study showed that cholesteryl ester accumulation was a consequence of loss of tumor suppressor PTEN and subsequent activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer cells, and open opportunities for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer by targeting the altered cholesterol metabolism.
629 citations
Cites background or result from "Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..."
...Importantly, the spectra of intracellular LDs in low-grade, high-grade, and metastatic PCa (Figure 1N) were distinctly different from those collected in normal prostate, BPH, and PIN lesions but nearly identical to the spectrum of pure cholesteryl oleate, with characteristic bands for cholesterol rings at 428, 538, 614, and 702 cm 1 and for ester bond at 1,742 cm 1 (Movasaghi et al., 2007)....
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...…1N) were distinctly different from those collected in normal prostate, BPH, and PIN lesions but nearly identical to the spectrum of pure cholesteryl oleate, with characteristic bands for cholesterol rings at 428, 538, 614, and 702 cm 1 and for ester bond at 1,742 cm 1 (Movasaghi et al., 2007)....
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TL;DR: The transition from spectroscopy to spectroscopic imaging of living systems, which allows the spectrum of biomolecules to act as natural contrast, is opening new opportunities to reveal cellular machinery and to enable molecule-based diagnosis of human diseases with biomarker sensitivity.
Abstract: Vibrational spectroscopy has been extensively applied to the study of molecules in gas phase, in condensed phase, and at interfaces. The transition from spectroscopy to spectroscopic imaging of living systems, which allows the spectrum of biomolecules to act as natural contrast, is opening new opportunities to reveal cellular machinery and to enable molecule-based diagnosis. Such a transition, however, involves more than a simple combination of spectrometry and microscopy. We review recent efforts that have pushed the boundary of the vibrational spectroscopic imaging field in terms of spectral acquisition speed, detection sensitivity, spatial resolution, and imaging depth. We further highlight recent applications in functional analysis of single cells and in label-free detection of diseases.
603 citations
Cites methods from "Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..."
...tion, has been extensively used for analysis of cells and tissues [reviewed in (2)]....
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TL;DR: It is concluded that a HF diet markedly affects the gut bacterial ecosystem at the functional level.
Abstract: The intestinal microbiota is known to regulate host energy homeostasis and can be influenced by high-calorie diets. However, changes affecting the ecosystem at the functional level are still not well characterized. We measured shifts in cecal bacterial communities in mice fed a carbohydrate or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks at the level of the following: (i) diversity and taxa distribution by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; (ii) bulk and single-cell chemical composition by Fourier-transform infrared- (FT-IR) and Raman micro-spectroscopy and (iii) metaproteome and metabolome via high-resolution mass spectrometry. High-fat diet caused shifts in the diversity of dominant gut bacteria and altered the proportion of Ruminococcaceae (decrease) and Rikenellaceae (increase). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the impact of the diet on cecal chemical fingerprints is greater than the impact of microbiota composition. Diet-driven changes in biochemical fingerprints of members of the Bacteroidales and Lachnospiraceae were also observed at the level of single cells, indicating that there were distinct differences in cellular composition of dominant phylotypes under different diets. Metaproteome and metabolome analyses based on the occurrence of 1760 bacterial proteins and 86 annotated metabolites revealed distinct HF diet-specific profiles. Alteration of hormonal and anti-microbial networks, bile acid and bilirubin metabolism and shifts towards amino acid and simple sugars metabolism were observed. We conclude that a HF diet markedly affects the gut bacterial ecosystem at the functional level.
550 citations
Cites background from "Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..."
...This peak is due to intracellular glycogen or polyglucan storage (Movasaghi et al., 2007), which likely reflects the presence of the clostridial-equivalent of glycogen, granulose, a high molecular weight polyglucan important for sporulation (Reysenbach et al., 1986)....
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...This peak is due to intracellular glycogen or polyglucan storage (Movasaghi et al., 2007), which likely reflects the presence of the clostridial-equivalent of glycogen, granulose, a high molecular weight polyglucan important for sporulation (Reysenbach et al....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology is presented, which summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments.
Abstract: This article reviews some of the recent advances on FTIR spectroscopy in areas related to natural tissues and cell biology. It is the second review publication resulting from a detailed study on the applications of spectroscopic methods in biological studies and summarizes some of the most widely used peak frequencies and their assignments. The aim of these studies is to prepare a database of molecular fingerprints, which will help researchers in defining the chemical structure of the biological tissues introducing most of the important peaks present in the natural tissues. In spite of applying different methods, there seems to be a considerable similarity in defining the peaks of identical areas of the FTIR spectra. As a result, it is believed that preparing a unique collection of the frequencies encountered in FTIR spectroscopic studies can lead to significant improvements both in the quantity and quality of research and their outcomes. This article is the first review of its kind that provides...
1,253 citations
"Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..." refers background in this paper
...This article has updated recent Raman spectroscopic investigations of biological tissues; most of them explored multivariate approaches, especially in distinguishing cancerous tissues from normal tissues (14, 15)....
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TL;DR: Functionalization of SWNTs by branched polyethylene-glycol (PEG) chains was developed, enabling thus far the longest SWNT blood circulation up to 1 day, relatively low uptake in the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and near-complete clearance from the main organs in ≈2 months.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are promising new materials for molecular delivery in biological systems. The long-term fate of nanotubes intravenously injected into animals in vivo is currently unknown, an issue critical to potential clinical applications of these materials. Here, using the intrinsic Raman spectroscopic signatures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), we measured the blood circulation of intravenously injected SWNTs and detect SWNTs in various organs and tissues of mice ex vivo over a period of three months. Functionalization of SWNTs by branched polyethylene-glycol (PEG) chains was developed, enabling thus far the longest SWNT blood circulation up to 1 day, relatively low uptake in the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and near-complete clearance from the main organs in ≈2 months. Raman spectroscopy detected SWNT in the intestine, feces, kidney, and bladder of mice, suggesting excretion and clearance of SWNTs from mice via the biliary and renal pathways. No toxic side effect of SWNTs to mice was observed in necropsy, histology, and blood chemistry measurements. These findings pave the way to future biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes.
1,052 citations
"Raman spectroscopy of biological ti..." refers background in this paper
...In addition, no obvious toxic effect was found in the necropsy, histology, and blood chemistry studies, which warrants the safety of properly functionalised carbon nanotubes for future in vivo biomedical applications (122)....
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...In addition, no obvious toxic effect is found in necropsy, histology, and blood chemistry studies, which warrants the safety of properly functionalized carbon nanotubes for future in vivo biomedical applications (122)....
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TL;DR: Raman spectroscopy is a potentially important clinical tool for real-time diagnosis of disease and in situ evaluation of living tissue as mentioned in this paper, and it provides molecular level information at the molecular level.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy is a potentially important clinical tool for real-time diagnosis of disease and in situ evaluation of living tissue. The purpose of this article is to review the biological and physical basis of Raman spectroscopy of tissue, to assess the current status of the field and to explore future directions. The principles of Raman spectroscopy and the molecular level information it provides are explained. An overview of the evolution of Raman spectroscopic techniques in biology and medicine, from early investigations using visible laser excitation to present-day technology based on near-infrared laser excitation and charge-coupled device array detection, is presented. State-of-the-art Raman spectrometer systems for research laboratory and clinical settings are described. Modern methods of multivariate spectral analysis for extracting diagnostic, chemical and morphological information are reviewed. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate the methods of collecting, processing and analysing data, as well as the range of medical applications under study. Finally, the issues to be addressed in implementing Raman spectroscopy in various clinical applications, as well as some long-term directions for future study, are discussed.
916 citations
TL;DR: In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy is shown how it can be applied to determine the water concentration in the stratum corneum as a function of distance to the skin surface, with a depth resolution of 5 microm.
805 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods applied to the analysis of valuable plant substances or quality parameters in horticultural and agricultural crops is presented.
765 citations