Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Abstract: Graphene is the two-dimensional building block for carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality We show that its electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers The D peak second order changes in shape, width, and position for an increasing number of layers, reflecting the change in the electron bands via a double resonant Raman process The G peak slightly down-shifts This allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area
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TL;DR: However, there are still several defi ciencies of current GQDs as discussed by the authors, and the hydrothermal cutting mechanism of the GO precursor is not clear, and as a result, different lateral size were reported from several nanometers to a few tens of nanometers.
Abstract: However, there are still several defi ciencies of current GQDs. The hydrothermal cutting mechanism of the GO precursor is not clear, and as a result, different lateral size were reported from several nanometers to a few tens of nanometers. [ 10 ] The doping mode (lattice doping, edge doping, or just chemical nitrogen-containing bonds) was not verifi ed clearly although different doping elements and concentrations were reported. [ 9,11 ]
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of fillers of alumina-coated graphene sheet (GS@Al2O3) hybrid fillers via an electrostatic self-assembly route is presented.
Abstract: Graphene has attracted considerable attention as a promising candidate to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers owing to its extremely high intrinsic thermal conductivity (∼5300 W m−1 K) However, graphene-based composites show a high electrical conductivity even with a low loading of fillers, which greatly limits their applications in electronic devices Herein, we present a new class of fillers of alumina-coated graphene sheet (GS@Al2O3) hybrid fillers via an electrostatic self-assembly route This unique structural design combines the advantages of both the GS and Al2O3, resulting in PVDF/GS@Al2O3 composites that show not only high thermal conductivity, but also retain high electrical insulation For instance, the thermal conductivity of PVDF composites with 40 wt% GS@Al2O3 is up to 0586 W m−1 K and the volume resistivity is above 4 × 1014 Ω cm Moreover, this self-assembly route is a simple and scalable strategy for fabricating high performance thermally conductive materials
181 citations
TL;DR: Important advances in the ability of graphene and its related forms to induce stem cells differentiation into osteogenic lineages are reviewed.
Abstract: The development of materials and strategies that can influence stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation towards osteoblasts is of high interest to promote faster healing and reconstructions of large bone defects. Graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) have received increasing attention for biomedical applications as they present remarkable properties such as high surface area, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization. These biocompatible carbon-based materials can induce and sustain stem cell growth and differentiation into various lineages. Furthermore, graphene has the ability to promote and enhance osteogenic differentiation making it an interesting material for bone regeneration research. This paper will review the important advances in the ability of graphene and its related forms to induce stem cells differentiation into osteogenic lineages.
181 citations
TL;DR: A microwave synthesis process of cobalt phthalocyanine molecules templated by acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes is employed to create three-dimensional sponge-like graphene nanoarchitectures suited for ionic liquid-based electrochemical capacitor electrodes that operate at very high scan rates.
Abstract: We employed a microwave synthesis process of cobalt phthalocyanine molecules templated by acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to create three-dimensional sponge-like graphene nanoarchitectures suited for ionic liquid-based electrochemical capacitor electrodes that operate at very high scan rates. The sequential “bottom-up” molecular synthesis and subsequent carbonization process took less than 20 min to complete. The 3D nanoarchitectures are able to deliver an energy density of 7.1 W·h kg–1 even at an extra high power density of 48 000 W kg–1. In addition, the ionic liquid supercapacitor based on this material works very well at room temperature due to its fully opened structures, which is ideal for the high-power energy application requiring more tolerance to temperature variation. Moreover, the structures are stable in both ionic liquids and 1 M H2SO4, retaining 90 and 98% capacitance after 10 000 cycles, respectively.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid Li-ion capacitor with a bulk graphdiyne (GDY) anode and an activated carbon (AC) cathode was constructed, achieving an initial specific energy as high as 112.2 Wh−h−kg−1 at a power density of 400.
181 citations
References
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations