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Journal ArticleDOI

Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.

TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Abstract: Graphene is the two-dimensional building block for carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality We show that its electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers The D peak second order changes in shape, width, and position for an increasing number of layers, reflecting the change in the electron bands via a double resonant Raman process The G peak slightly down-shifts This allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the recent progress in this field by extending the scope to various types of two-dimensional carbon nanostructures including graphene and free-standing carbon nanowalls/nanosheets.
Abstract: Since its discovery in less than five years ago, graphene has become one of the hottest frontiers in materials science and condensed matter physics, as evidenced by the exponential increase in number of publications in this field Several reviews have already been published on this topic, focusing on single and multilayer graphene sheets Here, we review the recent progresses in this field by extending the scope to various types of two-dimensional carbon nanostructures including graphene and free-standing carbon nanowalls/nanosheets After a brief overview of the electronic properties of graphene, we focus on the synthesis, characterization and potential applications of these carbon nanostructures

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Raman cross section of the crystal lattice after defect introduction per unit of damaged area, where x = D or D �, was observed to be 0.
Abstract: difference to the term CS,x ,r epresenting the Raman cross section ofI(x)/I(G) associated with the distortion of the crystal lattice after defect introduction per unit of damaged area, where x = D or D � . We observed that CS,D = 0

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a large-scale batch fabrication of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with patterned multi-layer graphene (MLG) as transparent conducting electrodes as a potential development toward future practical application of graphene electrodes in optoelectronic devices.
Abstract: This work demonstrates a large-scale batch fabrication of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with patterned multi-layer graphene (MLG) as transparent conducting electrodes. MLG films were synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique on nickel films and showed typical CVD-synthesized MLG film properties, possessing a sheet resistance of [Formula: see text] with a transparency of more than 85% in the 400-800 nm wavelength range. The MLG was applied as the transparent conducting electrodes of GaN-based blue LEDs, and the light output performance was compared to that of conventional GaN LEDs with indium tin oxide electrodes. Our results present a potential development toward future practical application of graphene electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The intriguing properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have led to a significant body of fundamental research and rapid uptake of these materials in many applications as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The intriguing properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have led to a significant body of fundamental research and rapid uptake of these materials in many applications. Specifically, 2D TMDCs have shown great potential in biological systems due to their tunable electronic characteristics, unique optical properties, stability in aqueous environments, large surface area that can be manipulated and functionalized as well as an intercalatable layered structure, and low levels of toxicity. Here, the characteristics and use of 2D TMDCs for biological applications are reviewed and future possibilities for these materials in biological systems are outlined.

293 citations

References
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations