Journal ArticleDOI
Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
Sally Floyd,Van Jacobson +1 more
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TLDR
Red gateways are designed to accompany a transport-layer congestion control protocol such as TCP and have no bias against bursty traffic and avoids the global synchronization of many connections decreasing their window at the same time.Abstract:
The authors present random early detection (RED) gateways for congestion avoidance in packet-switched networks. The gateway detects incipient congestion by computing the average queue size. The gateway could notify connections of congestion either by dropping packets arriving at the gateway or by setting a bit in packet headers. When the average queue size exceeds a present threshold, the gateway drops or marks each arriving packet with a certain probability, where the exact probability is a function of the average queue size. RED gateways keep the average queue size low while allowing occasional bursts of packets in the queue. During congestion, the probability that the gateway notifies a particular connection to reduce its window is roughly proportional to that connection's share of the bandwidth through the gateway. RED gateways are designed to accompany a transport-layer congestion control protocol such as TCP. The RED gateway has no bias against bursty traffic and avoids the global synchronization of many connections decreasing their window at the same time. Simulations of a TCP/IP network are used to illustrate the performance of RED gateways. >read more
Citations
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Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet
B. Braden,David D. Clark,Jon Crowcroft,Bruce S. Davie,S. Deering,Deborah Estrin,Sally Floyd,Van Jacobson,Greg Minshall,Craig Partridge,Larry L. Peterson,Kadangode K. Ramakrishnan,Scott Shenker,John Wroclawski,Lixia Zhang +14 more
TL;DR: This memo presents a strong recommendation for testing, standardization, and widespread deployment of active queue management in routers, to improve the performance of today's Internet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Layering as Optimization Decomposition: A Mathematical Theory of Network Architectures
TL;DR: A survey of the recent efforts towards a systematic understanding of layering as optimization decomposition can be found in this paper, where the overall communication network is modeled by a generalized network utility maximization problem, each layer corresponds to a decomposed subproblem, and the interfaces among layers are quantified as functions of the optimization variables coordinating the subproblems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED
TL;DR: This paper uses jump process driven Stochastic Differential Equations to model the interactions of a set of TCP flows and Active Queue Management routers in a network setting and presents a critical analysis of the RED algorithm.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Receiver-driven layered multicast
TL;DR: The RLM protocol is described, its performance is evaluated with a preliminary simulation study that characterizes user-perceived quality by assessing loss rates over multiple time scales, and the implementation of a software-based Internet video codec is discussed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
End-to-end Internet packet dynamics
TL;DR: The prevalence of unusual network events such as out-of-order delivery and packet corruption are characterized and a robust receiver-based algorithm for estimating "bottleneck bandwidth" is discussed that addresses deficiencies discovered in techniques based on "packet pair".
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Congestion avoidance and control
TL;DR: The measurements and the reports of beta testers suggest that the final product is fairly good at dealing with congested conditions on the Internet, and an algorithm recently developed by Phil Karn of Bell Communications Research is described in a soon-to-be-published RFC.
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Posted Content
Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a unified and comprehensive theory of structural time series models, including a detailed treatment of the Kalman filter for modeling economic and social time series, and address the special problems which the treatment of such series poses.