Randomized dining philosophers to TDMA scheduling
01 Jan 2005-
About: The article was published on 2005-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 51 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Dining philosophers problem.
Citations
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02 Nov 2005
TL;DR: Z-MAC is a hybrid MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses and achieves high channel utilization under high contention and reduces collision among two-hop neighbors at a low cost.
Abstract: This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a hybrid MAC protocol, called Z-MAC, for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses Like CSMA, Z-MAC achieves high channel utilization and low-latency under low contention and like TDMA, achieves high channel utilization under high contention and reduces collision among two-hop neighbors at a low cost A distinctive feature of Z-MAC is that its performance is robust to synchronization errors, slot assignment failures and time-varying channel conditions; in the worst case, its performance always falls back to that of CSMA Z-MAC is implemented in TinyOS
1,050 citations
TL;DR: This survey observes that instead of providing deterministic QoS guarantees, majority of the protocols follow a service differentiation approach by classifying the data packets according to their type (or classes) and packets from different classes are treated according totheir requirements by tuning the associated network parameters at the MAC layer.
248 citations
Cites methods from "Randomized dining philosophers to T..."
...The slot assignment within the setup phase considers the two hop distance neighbor nodes and allocates different time slots based on the DRAND [65] algorithm and the frame size is determined by the time frame rule of the Z-MAC [66] protocol....
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01 Dec 2009
TL;DR: The experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMAMAC protocol Funneling-MAC.
Abstract: Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and frame into slots. Parent determines children's frame assignment based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. Firstly, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (including itself). Secondly, the packet scheduling with TreeMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Thirdly, the data throughput to gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC [8].
153 citations
Cites methods from "Randomized dining philosophers to T..."
...Z-MAC uses DRAND (Distributed RAND) [20] to compute time slot assignments....
[...]
...Because of the overhead of running DRAND, Z-MAC does not recommend running it periodically, hence it is not really traffic adaptive....
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...However, DRAND is a complex coloring algorithm that allocates time slots to every node ensuring that no two nodes among a two-hop neighborhood are assigned to the same time slot by broadcasting the TDMA schedule of each node to its two hop neighbors....
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11 Jun 2007
TL;DR: H-medium-access control (MAC) aims to improve BSNs energy efficiency by exploiting heartbeat rhythm information, instead of using periodic synchronization beacons, to perform time synchronization.
Abstract: H-MAC is a novel Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based MAC protocol designed for Body Sensor Networks (BSNs). It improves energy efficiency by exploiting human heartbeat rhythm information to perform time synchronization for TDMA. Heartbeat rhythm is inherent in every human body and can be detected in a variety of biosignals. Therefore, biosensors in BSNs can extract the heartbeat rhythm from their sensory data. Moreover, all the rhythms represented by peak sequences are naturally synchronized since they are driven by the same source, the heartbeat. By following the rhythm, wireless biosensors can achieve time synchronization without having to turn on their radio to receive periodic timing information from a central controller, so that energy cost for time synchronization can be completely avoided and the lifetime of network can be prolonged. An active synchronization recovery scheme is also developed, in which two resynchronization procedures are implemented. The algorithms are verified using real world data from MIT-BIH multi-parameter database MIMIC.
110 citations
TL;DR: A lightweight acoustic target localization system for wireless sensor networks based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) which provided a reliable communication platform where high channel contention was lowered while maintaining high throughput and Errors were detected and eliminated hence acquiring a fault tolerant operation.
Abstract: Efficient target localization in wireless sensor networks is a complex and challenging task. Many past assumptions for target localization are not valid for wireless sensor networks. Limited hardware resources, energy conservation, and noise disruption due to wireless channel contention and instrumentation noise pose new constraints on designers nowadays. In this work, a lightweight acoustic target localization system for wireless sensor networks based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) is presented. When an event is detected, each sensor belonging to a group calculates an estimate of the target's location. A fuzzyART data fusion center detects errors and fuses estimates according to a decision tree based on spatial correlation and consensus vote. Moreover, a MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (EB-MAC) is developed which is tailored for event-based systems that characterizes acoustic target localization systems. The system was implemented on MicaZ motes with TinyOS and a PIC 18F8720 microcontroller board as a coprocessor. Errors were detected and eliminated hence acquiring a fault tolerant operation. Furthermore, EB-MAC provided a reliable communication platform where high channel contention was lowered while maintaining high throughput.
64 citations
References
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02 Nov 2005
TL;DR: Z-MAC is a hybrid MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses and achieves high channel utilization under high contention and reduces collision among two-hop neighbors at a low cost.
Abstract: This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a hybrid MAC protocol, called Z-MAC, for wireless sensor networks that combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA while offsetting their weaknesses Like CSMA, Z-MAC achieves high channel utilization and low-latency under low contention and like TDMA, achieves high channel utilization under high contention and reduces collision among two-hop neighbors at a low cost A distinctive feature of Z-MAC is that its performance is robust to synchronization errors, slot assignment failures and time-varying channel conditions; in the worst case, its performance always falls back to that of CSMA Z-MAC is implemented in TinyOS
1,050 citations
TL;DR: This survey observes that instead of providing deterministic QoS guarantees, majority of the protocols follow a service differentiation approach by classifying the data packets according to their type (or classes) and packets from different classes are treated according totheir requirements by tuning the associated network parameters at the MAC layer.
248 citations
01 Dec 2009
TL;DR: The experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMAMAC protocol Funneling-MAC.
Abstract: Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and frame into slots. Parent determines children's frame assignment based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. Firstly, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (including itself). Secondly, the packet scheduling with TreeMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Thirdly, the data throughput to gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC [8].
153 citations
11 Jun 2007
TL;DR: H-medium-access control (MAC) aims to improve BSNs energy efficiency by exploiting heartbeat rhythm information, instead of using periodic synchronization beacons, to perform time synchronization.
Abstract: H-MAC is a novel Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based MAC protocol designed for Body Sensor Networks (BSNs). It improves energy efficiency by exploiting human heartbeat rhythm information to perform time synchronization for TDMA. Heartbeat rhythm is inherent in every human body and can be detected in a variety of biosignals. Therefore, biosensors in BSNs can extract the heartbeat rhythm from their sensory data. Moreover, all the rhythms represented by peak sequences are naturally synchronized since they are driven by the same source, the heartbeat. By following the rhythm, wireless biosensors can achieve time synchronization without having to turn on their radio to receive periodic timing information from a central controller, so that energy cost for time synchronization can be completely avoided and the lifetime of network can be prolonged. An active synchronization recovery scheme is also developed, in which two resynchronization procedures are implemented. The algorithms are verified using real world data from MIT-BIH multi-parameter database MIMIC.
110 citations
TL;DR: A lightweight acoustic target localization system for wireless sensor networks based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) which provided a reliable communication platform where high channel contention was lowered while maintaining high throughput and Errors were detected and eliminated hence acquiring a fault tolerant operation.
Abstract: Efficient target localization in wireless sensor networks is a complex and challenging task. Many past assumptions for target localization are not valid for wireless sensor networks. Limited hardware resources, energy conservation, and noise disruption due to wireless channel contention and instrumentation noise pose new constraints on designers nowadays. In this work, a lightweight acoustic target localization system for wireless sensor networks based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) is presented. When an event is detected, each sensor belonging to a group calculates an estimate of the target's location. A fuzzyART data fusion center detects errors and fuses estimates according to a decision tree based on spatial correlation and consensus vote. Moreover, a MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (EB-MAC) is developed which is tailored for event-based systems that characterizes acoustic target localization systems. The system was implemented on MicaZ motes with TinyOS and a PIC 18F8720 microcontroller board as a coprocessor. Errors were detected and eliminated hence acquiring a fault tolerant operation. Furthermore, EB-MAC provided a reliable communication platform where high channel contention was lowered while maintaining high throughput.
64 citations