Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid in Rhizoclonium africanum Kutzing as Biodiesel Feedstock under Nutrient Limitations and the Associated Changes at Cellular Level.
31 Dec 2015-International Journal of Microbiology (Hindawi Publishing Corporation)-Vol. 2015, pp 275035-275035
TL;DR: This study shows that the manipulation of cultural conditions could affect the biosynthetic pathways leading to increased lipid production while increasing the proportion of fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.
Abstract: Increase of total lipid and the proportion of the favorable fatty acids in marine green filamentous macroalga Rhizoclonium africanum (Chlorophyceae) was studied under nitrate and phosphate limitations. These stresses were given by both eliminating and doubling the required amounts of nitrate and phosphate salts in the growth media. A significant twofold increase in total lipid (193.03 mg/g) was achieved in cells in absence of nitrate in the culture medium, followed by phosphate limitation (142.65 mg/g). The intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The scanning electron microscopic study showed the major structural changes under nutrient starvation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of ester (C-O-C stretching), ketone (C-C stretching), carboxylic acid (O-H bending), phosphine (P-H stretching), aromatic (C-H stretching and bending), and alcohol (O-H stretching and bending) groups in the treated cells indicating the high accumulation of lipid hydrocarbons in the treated cells. Elevated levels of fatty acids favorable for biodiesel production, that is, C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C20:1, were identified under nitrate- and phosphate-deficient conditions. This study shows that the manipulation of cultural conditions could affect the biosynthetic pathways leading to increased lipid production while increasing the proportion of fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production.
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TL;DR: The results of co-culture in batch mode revealed about 2-3 times increase in biomass and two-times increase in total lipid, when compared to the pure culture batches.
Abstract: The co-cultivation approach using cyanobacteria—Leptolyngbya tenuis and green alga—Chlorella ellipsoidea demonstrated in the present study showed additive and synergistic effects on biomass yield, biomass productivity, lipid yield, lipid productivity, CO2 fixation, and cadmium bioremediation efficiency. The results of co-culture in batch mode revealed about 2–3 times increase in biomass and two times increase in total lipid, when compared to the pure culture batches. The results revealed that co-cultures exhibited significantly high CO2 fixation rate of 2.63 ± 0.09 g/L/d, which is 1.5–2 times better than monocultures (P Chlorella (58%, 0.29 mg/L) > Leptolyngbya (50%, 0.25 mg/L) (P < 0.05). In addition, fatty acid composition, CHNS analysis, biodiesel characterization, and biochemical compositions were also determined using co-culture method. The maximum biomass yield, productivity, lipid content, and CO2 fixation rate in cadmium induced co-culture were 3.95 ± 0.13 g/L, 258.88 ± 15.75 mg/L/d, 41.43 ± 0.71%, and 3.21 ± 0.20 g/L/d, respectively which is 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, and 1.2 times higher than the control (P < 0.05). Cadmium induced changes in growth and lipid yield using co-culture suggests cost-effective and eco-friendly production of biodiesel and carbon mitigation.
17 citations
TL;DR: The nutritional composition was studied of green seaweeds grown in fish pond aquaculture systems and U. prolifera seems to be a potential source of bioactive compounds.
Abstract: The nutritional composition was studied of green seaweeds (Chaetomorpha linum, Rhizoclonium riparium, Ulva intestinalis, U. lactuca, U. prolifera) grown in fish pond aquaculture systems. Moreover, ...
13 citations
Cites background from "Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid i..."
...The composition and economic value of seaweeds may vary between species and, for a given species, parameters depend on abiotic/biotic conditions [2,3]....
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: A total 36 taxa of filamentous green algae including chlorophytes and charophytes were recorded from different habitats of Indian Sundarbans, of which 31 taxa were newly reported from this World famous biosphere reserve.
Abstract: A total 36 taxa of filamentous green algae including chlorophytes and charophytes were recorded from different habitats of Indian Sundarbans, of which 31 taxa were newly reported from this World famous biosphere reserve. During regular exploration for 3 years, 7 species of Spirogyra, 5 species of each Cladophora and Oedogonium, 3 species of Microspora, 2 species of each Chaetomorpha, Rhizoclonium, Ulothrix, Zygnema and Enteromorpha and single species of each from Ulva, Pithophora, Geminella, Temnogyra, Chara and Nitella were recorded in fresh water to brackish water habitats of Indian Sundarbans. Two species of Rhizoclonium viz. R. hookeri and R. fontanum were found as epiphytic mat on mangrove tree trunk of Avicennia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. New and rare species were described compared to early records based on morphotaxonomy. Documentation of Camera Lucida drawing, light and scanning electron micrographs have also included in the present investigation.
7 citations
Cites background from "Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid i..."
...…brackish water habitat of Indian Sundarbans which need to be surveyed and identified in detail for their biotechnological importance such as food, feed, medicine and bioenergy (Chatterjee et al., 2014; Satpati and Pal, 2015; Satpati et al., 2015; Satpati et al., 2015, 2016; Maurya et al., 2016)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed discussion on different technologies for extracting valuable biomolecules with an emphasis on lipid extraction has been carried out, and the diatom-based photosynthetic biorefinery approach for better understanding of the renewable usage of biomass is done.
Abstract: Diatoms are the reservoir of bioactive compounds which have immense application in nutrition, industrial commodities and ecological studies. In the oceans, diatoms form a large bloom of silica under favourable conditions, whereas, in lentic and lotic systems, they colonize according to seasonal disturbances. Notably, the survival of diatoms in a stressed environment is because of their uniqueness; therefore, diatoms serve as an ideal candidate to understand the evolutionary paradigm and successional dynamics. This review outlines the biological uniqueness of diatoms, their role in biogeochemical cycles and the recolonization pattern of diatoms in anthropic disturbed habitats. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on different technologies for extracting valuable biomolecules with an emphasis on lipid extraction has been carried out. Moreover, the diatom-based photosynthetic biorefinery approach for a better understanding of the renewable usage of biomass is done.
4 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
289,852 citations
"Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid i..." refers methods in this paper
...Estimation of total protein was conducted by Lowry method [37]....
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TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
46,099 citations
"Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid i..." refers methods in this paper
...356 g of dried algal biomass was ground and mixed with 2mL of chloroform, 2mL of methanol, and 1mL of 5% NaCl solution [38]....
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TL;DR: Evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis is presented.
Abstract: The chloroplast, as the seat of chlorophyll pigments in plants, occupies a unique position in the economy of the green cell. In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the reactions and properties of chloroplasts as a result of the work of Hill (11, 12) and Hill and Scarisbrick (13, 14) who demonstrated that the reaction characteristic of photosynthesis in green plants, the evolution of oxygen, occurs in appreciable quantities in isolated chloroplasts under the influence of light and in the presence of suitable oxidants (2, 7, 8, 26). In the course of an investigation of oxygen evolution by isolated chloroplasts it was deemed important to explore their enzymatic composition. Of special interest were considered enzymes capable of participating in oxidation-reduction reactions, and more particularly, those localized principally, if not entirely, in the chloroplasts. This paper presents evidence that a copper enzyme, polyphenoloxidase (otherwise known as tyrosinase or catecholase), is localized in the chloroplasts of spinach beet (chard), Beta vu?garis.
20,139 citations
TL;DR: As demonstrated here, microalgae appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuels.
9,030 citations
"Rapid Accumulation of Total Lipid i..." refers background in this paper
...Microalgal taxa like Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella,Dunaliella,Euglena,Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus, Neochloris, and so forth have already been identified as good sources for biodiesel production [1, 8]....
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