Rapid and sheet-to-sheet slot-die coating manufacture of highly efficient perovskite solar cells processed under ambient air
TL;DR: In this article, a planar inverted structured perovskite solar cell (PSC) was fabricated in an ambient condition with a PCE of 12.4% as compared to that (13.3%) of PSC fabricated in glove box filled with nitrogen.
About: This article is published in Solar Energy.The article was published on 2019-01-01. It has received 32 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Perovskite solar cell & Coating.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of perovskite-based solar cells is presented, focusing on the recent progress in morphology optimizations by various processing conditions such as annealing condition, additive effects, Lewis acid base adduct approach, precursor solution aging and post-device ligand treatment emphasizing on grain sizes, film uniformity, defect passivation, ambient compatibility and device efficiency and stability.
Abstract: Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite based solar cell technology has passed through a phase of unprecedented growth in the efficiency scale from 3.8% to above 25% within a decade. This technology has drawn tremendous research interest because of facile solution processability, ease of large scale manufacturing and ultra-low cost production of perovskite based thin film solar cells. It has been observed that performances of perovskite-based solar cells are extremely dependent on the morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite layer. The high-quality perovskite films have made a significant impact on the fabrication of efficient and stable hybrid perovskite solar cells. It has also been observed that device lifetime depends on the perovskite morphology; devices with larger perovskite grains degrade slowly than those of the smaller ones. Various methods of perovskite growth such as sequential deposition, doctor blading, slot die coating and spray coating have been applied to achieve the most appropriate morphology necessary for highly efficient and stable solar cells. This review focuses on the recent progress in morphology optimizations by various processing condition such as annealing condition, additive effects, Lewis acid–base adduct approach, precursor solution aging and post-device ligand treatment emphasizing on grain sizes, film uniformity, defect passivation, ambient compatibility and device efficiency and stability. In this review, we also discussed recently developed bifacial stamping technique and deposition methods for large-area and roll-to-roll fabrication of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, perovskite solar cells in planar p-i-n configuration based on single-step, anti-solvent-free, low-temperature (70 °C) slot-die-coated methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAP...
Abstract: In this work, we report perovskite solar cells in the planar p–i–n configuration based on single-step, anti-solvent-free, low-temperature (70 °C) slot-die-coated methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAP...
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the progress reported in the literature where slot-die coating has been used for the deposition of both the perovskite layer and other layers in the solar cell device stack is discussed.
Abstract: To make perovskite solar cells an industrially relevant technology large area deposition techniques are needed and one of the most promising is slot-die coating. This review article details the progress reported in the literature where slot-die coating has been used for the deposition of both the perovskite layer and other layers in the perovskite solar cell device stack. An overview of the methods used to adapt the coating process, materials and drying conditions in order to create high quality layers and devices is given and an outlook on future research directions in this field is made.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the lab-scale has reached an incredible level of 25.5%.
Abstract: In the last decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the lab-scale has reached an incredible level of 25.5%. Generally, PSCs are composed of a stack consisting of a perovskite thin-film sandwiched between an electron transporting layer (ETL) and a hole transporting layer (HTL). Although the quality of the ETL and HTL interfaces with the perovskite thin-film is important, the quality of the perovskite thin-film is also critical to achieving high-performance PSCs. Low-temperature deposition of organic–inorganic perovskite thin-films by simple solution processes is one of the significant advantages of PSCs compared to other well-developed semiconductors for manufacturing solar cells. However, growing highly uniform and crystalline solution-processed perovskite thin-films is very challenging due to multiple phenomena during film formation, including solvent evaporation, wetting effects, inhomogeneous film stress and uncontrolled nucleation and growth. Therefore, understanding the different stages of perovskite crystallization is critical for achieving high-quality films and realizing higher PCEs. On the other hand, switching to large-scale solar modules leads to a substantial loss in performance, decreasing the chance of commercialization of this technology. Therefore, developing large-scale deposition techniques for reliable perovskite crystallization is very vital for scaling up PSCs. So far, several solution-processed methods such as anti-solvent and two-step processes have been developed for lab-scale perovskite thin-films deposition. However, these methods are not applicable for large-scale perovskite deposition. This review explores various scalable solution-processed perovskite deposition techniques. Moreover, different solvent quenching techniques as the most critical step of large-scale perovskite crystallization are discussed to provide a comprehensive view for achieving high-quality perovskite thin-films with large areas. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities to push forward the commercialization of PSCs are discussed.
56 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient and stable perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
Abstract: Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
49 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical pore network in planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is demonstrated and its structural evolution and mechanistic interpretation are explored with respect to different preparation methods/steps.
Abstract: A hierarchical pore network in planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is demonstrated herein. Quantitative characterizations by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) with modeling and complementary microscopic observations provide insight at various length scales. It is a pore structure comprised of nano-scaled primary pores aggregating into meso-scaled fractal networks within the perovskite layer. Its structural evolution and mechanistic interpretation are explored with respect to different preparation methods/steps. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) results suggest the infiltration of hole transporting materials (HTM) or electron transporting materials (ETM) deposited on top at different length scales. The inter-penetrating perovskite/HTM or perovskite/ETM form i–p or i–n one-sided porous heterojunctions, respectively, over the typically regarded planar-stacked heterojunction. They show distinctive photovoltaic characteristics and behaviors in which the large i–n interfaces at the nanoscale lead to highly efficient, hysteresis-free and reliable solar cell devices. The morphology–performance correlation is helpful for associated design of device architecture and processing toward higher efficiency and stability.
15 citations