Rapid determination of diphenylhydantoin in blood plasma by gas-liquid chromatography.
About: This article is published in Analytical Chemistry.The article was published on 1970-03-01. It has received 180 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Blood plasma fractionation & Chromatography in blood processing.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: It is suggested that inadequate levels of anticonvulsant drugs are a significant factor associated with unexpected, unexplained death in epileptic patients.
Abstract: Thirty-seven cases of unexpected, unexplained death in epileptic patients were recorded by the Allegheny County Coroner's Office during the years 1969 through 1973. In no case was there anatomic or chemical evidence at autopsy sufficient to explain death. All patients had a duration of epilepsy greater than a year. All but two had less than one seizure per month. Blood levels of anticonvulsants at autopsy revealed only three patients with therapeutic levels of the drugs. Almost 50 percent of the cases studied had no demonstrable anticonvulsant. It is suggested that inadequate levels of anticonvulsant drugs are a significant factor associated with unexpected, unexplained death in epileptic patients.
191 citations
TL;DR: Monitoring the blood levels of anti-epileptic drugs has increased the efficiency and safety of drug therapy in epilepsy, and facilitates individualization of dosage regimen, reveals irregular drug intake, and identifies the responsible agent in intoxicated patients on multiple drug therapy.
Abstract: Monitoring the blood levels of anti-epileptic drugs has increased the efficiency and safety of drug therapy in epilepsy. It facilitates individualization of dosage regimen, reveals irregular drug intake, and identifies the responsible agent In intoxicated patients on multiple drug therapy. Blood levels should not be adjusted arbitrarily, however, but used as information in formulating the clinical judgment for each patient. Effective and toxic blood level ranges, as well as the range of levels expected with a given dose (applicable to the majority of patients), are given for the major antiepileptic drugs. These include diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, ethosuximide, and carbamazepine. Indications for ordering blood level determinations are outlined.
187 citations
TL;DR: Changes in protein binding of diphenylhydantoin were found to correlate better with changes in albumin and bilirubin levels in plasma than with any of 13 other biochemical parameters examined.
Abstract: The in vitro binding of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) to the protein in plasma from 97 volunteers has been studied using ultrafiltration at 37° C. The capacity of plasma protein to bind DPH did not differ significantly between pregnant women (11.6 ± 1.7% of total drug unbound), women taking oral contraceptives (9.9 ± 1.7% unbound), healthy males (10.6 ± 1.3% unbound), and healthy females (11.0 ± 3.2% unbound). However, in plasma from patients with renal disease (15.8 ± 3.9% unbound), hepatic disease (15.9 ∥ 6.0%) or hepatorenal disease (15.6 ± 5.4%), the protein binding of DPH was significantly decreased. These changes in protein binding were found to correlate better with changes in albumin and bilirubin levels in plasma than with any o f 13 other biochemical parameters examined.
172 citations
TL;DR: Tissue (3–5 mg) or serum is hydrolyzed with alkali, acidified and extracted with hexane, and injection of the resultant quaternary ammonium salts together with methyl propionate into a gas chromatograph yields the fatty acid methyl esters.
162 citations
TL;DR: Peytoin clearance correlated inversely with phenytoin binding and plasma albumin, both of which were found to be reduced in the elderly, and this difference was apparent if pheny toin was given orally or intravenously.
Abstract: 1 Comparison of phenytoin clearance showed a marked increase in people over 65 years of age compared with people under 45 years of age. 2 This difference was apparent if phenytoin was given orally or intravenously. 3 Phenytoin clearance correlated inversely with phenytoin binding and plasma albumin, both of which were found to be reduced in the elderly.
131 citations
References
More filters
120 citations
Journal Article•
114 citations
52 citations
49 citations
TL;DR: A new method for the determination of base ratios of nucleic acids has been developed using gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the purines and pyrimidines arising on perchloric acid hydrolysis of the nucleic acid.
40 citations