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Journal ArticleDOI

Rapid uranium-series age screening of carbonates by laser ablation mass spectrometry

TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited existing laser ablation (LA) methods for corals (cold- and warm-water) and speleothems spanning the last 343 thousand years (ka) and measured the required isotopes (238U, 234U, 230U, and 232Th) using a combination of a single central ion counter and an array of Faraday cups.
About: This article is published in Quaternary Geochronology.The article was published on 2016-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 42 citations till now.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the available data and theories on forms and formation processes of pedogenic carbonates and relate them to environmental factors, and suggested the most important future research directions on PC, including the anthropogenic effects of fertilization and soil management.

320 citations


Cites methods from "Rapid uranium-series age screening ..."

  • ...…the sample quantities required for Th/U dating are larger compared to the14C AMS procedure, substantial reduction in sample size can be achieved through the use ofmulti-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Seth et al., 2003) and laser ablation techniques (Spooner et al., 2016)....

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  • ..., 2003) and laser ablation techniques (Spooner et al., 2016)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a global and internally consistent database of Usingle bondTh dated fossil coral sea-level indicators, including full consideration of all known uncertainties (both vertical and chronological).

129 citations


Cites methods from "Rapid uranium-series age screening ..."

  • ...Laser ablation mass spectrometry methods are 1274 showing promise as a rapid, first indicator of open system behaviour (as the d234Uinitial of a sample may 1275 be determined rapidly, Spooner et al., 2016)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
25 Oct 2018-Nature
TL;DR: Analysis of deep-sea coral boron isotope data, as a proxy for pH and thus CO2 chemistry, provides evidence of CO2 storage in the deep Southern Ocean during the last ice age, and its rapid release on millennial to centennial timescales during deglaciation.
Abstract: The cause of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) during the recent ice ages is yet to be fully explained. Most mechanisms for glacial–interglacial CO2 change have centred on carbon exchange with the deep ocean, owing to its large size and relatively rapid exchange with the atmosphere1. The Southern Ocean is thought to have a key role in this exchange, as much of the deep ocean is ventilated to the atmosphere in this region2. However, it is difficult to reconstruct changes in deep Southern Ocean carbon storage, so few direct tests of this hypothesis have been carried out. Here we present deep-sea coral boron isotope data that track the pH—and thus the CO2 chemistry—of the deep Southern Ocean over the past forty thousand years. At sites closest to the Antarctic continental margin, and most influenced by the deep southern waters that form the ocean’s lower overturning cell, we find a close relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO2: during intervals of low CO2, ocean pH is low, reflecting enhanced ocean carbon storage; and during intervals of rising CO2, ocean pH rises, reflecting loss of carbon from the ocean to the atmosphere. Correspondingly, at shallower sites we find rapid (millennial- to centennial-scale) decreases in pH during abrupt increases in CO2, reflecting the rapid transfer of carbon from the deep ocean to the upper ocean and atmosphere. Our findings confirm the importance of the deep Southern Ocean in ice-age CO2 change, and show that deep-ocean CO2 release can occur as a dynamic feedback to rapid climate change on centennial timescales. Analysis of deep-sea coral boron isotope data, as a proxy for pH and thus CO2 chemistry, provides evidence of CO2 storage in the deep Southern Ocean during the last ice age, and its rapid release on millennial to centennial timescales during deglaciation.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an automated chemical extraction system (ESI prepFAST-MC equipped with an Eichrom TRU-resin chromatographic column) was used to purify U and Th isotopes for mass spectrometric U-series dating at the sub-‰ precision level.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present new results on modern specimens of Desmophyllum dianthus, Balanophyllia malouinensis, and Flabellum curvatum, collected from the Drake Passage, and Madrepora oculata from the North Atlantic.

22 citations


Cites background from "Rapid uranium-series age screening ..."

  • ...Other trace elements, including Th and U, however, seem depleted in such areas of rapid calcification (e.g., Robinson et al., 2006; Sinclair et al., 2006; Brahmi et al., 2010; Anagnostou et al., 2011; Spooner et al., 2016)....

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  • ...Indeed, the inner-skeletal distributions of (238)U and (232)Th are strongly influenced by the skeletalmicrostructures (e.g., Robinson et al., 2006; Sinclair et al., 2006; LaVigne et al., 2010; Anagnostou et al., 2011; Raddatz et al., 2014; Spooner et al., 2016)....

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  • ...Other trace elements, including Th and U, however, seem depleted in such areas of rapid calcification (e.g., Robinson et al., 2006; Sinclair et al., 2006; Brahmi et al., 2010; Anagnostou et al., 2011; Spooner et al., 2016)....

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  • ...We however note that a 232Th-based correction may in fact overcorrect, as 232Th can also be concentrated from seawater during coral growth (e.g., Cheng et al., 2000; Spooner et al., 2016)....

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  • ...It is noted that the results presentedherewere obtained from relatively large samples so that some of the fine scale variability observed previously by Robinson et al. (2006) and Spooner et al. (2016) is averaged out....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1989-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a global oxygen isotope record for ocean water has been calculated from the Barbados sea level curve, allowing separation of the ice volume component common to all isotope records measured in deep-sea cores.
Abstract: Coral reefs drilled offshore of Barbados provide the first continuous and detailed record of sea level change during the last deglaciation. The sea level was 121 ± 5 metres below present level during the last glacial maximum. The deglacial sea level rise was not monotonic; rather, it was marked by two intervals of rapid rise. Varying rates of melt-water discharge to the North Atlantic surface ocean dramatically affected North Atlantic deep-water production and oceanic oxygen isotope chemistry. A global oxygen isotope record for ocean water has been calculated from the Barbados sea level curve, allowing separation of the ice volume component common to all oxygen isotope records measured in deep-sea cores.

4,483 citations


"Rapid uranium-series age screening ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…of ways to investigate past ocean and climate states such as sea-level determination through glacial/interglacial cycles (Broecker et al., 1968; Fairbanks, 1989; Gallup, 1997; Potter et al., 2004; Richards et al., 1994; Thompson et al., 2011), tracking changes in Asian monsoon intensity (Cheng…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
14 Dec 2001-Science
TL;DR: The record links North Atlantic climate with the meridional transport of heat and moisture from the warmest part of the ocean where the summer East Asian Monsoon originates and generally agrees with the timing of temperature changes from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2).
Abstract: Oxygen isotope records of five stalagmites from Hulu Cave near Nanjing bear a remarkable resemblance to oxygen isotope records from Greenland ice cores, suggesting that East Asian Monsoon intensity changed in concert with Greenland temperature between 11,000 and 75,000 years before the present (yr. B.P.). Between 11,000 and 30,000 yr. B.P., the timing of changes in the monsoon, as established with 230Th dates, generally agrees with the timing of temperature changes from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) core, which supports GISP2's chronology in this interval. Our record links North Atlantic climate with the meridional transport of heat and moisture from the warmest part of the ocean where the summer East Asian Monsoon originates.

2,759 citations


"Rapid uranium-series age screening ..." refers background in this paper

  • ..., 2011), tracking changes in Asian monsoon intensity (Cheng et al., 2006; Dykoski et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2001) and assessing ventilation rates of the deep ocean (Adkins et al....

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  • ...…et al., 2004; Richards et al., 1994; Thompson et al., 2011), tracking changes in Asian monsoon intensity (Cheng et al., 2006; Dykoski et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2001) and assessing ventilation rates of the deep ocean (Adkins et al., 1998; Burke and Robinson, 2012; Mangini et al., 1998; Robinson…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a continuous record of the Asian monsoon over the last 16 ka from δ18O measurements of stalagmite calcite, which is combined with a chronology from 45 precise 230Th dates.

1,527 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution of 234Th, 230Th, and 228Th between dissolved and particulate forms was determined in 17 seawater samples from the Guatemala and Panama basins as discussed by the authors, where the seawater first passed through a Nuclepore filter (1.0-μm pore size) and then through a cartridge packed with Nitex netting that was impregnated with MnO2 to scavenge the dissolved Th isotopes.
Abstract: The distribution of 234Th, 230Th, and 228Th between dissolved and particulate forms was determined in 17 seawater samples from the Guatemala and Panama basins. Sampling was carried out in situ with battery-powered, submersible pumping systems in which the seawater first passed through a Nuclepore filter (1.0-μm pore size) and then through a cartridge packed with Nitex netting that was impregnated with MnO2 to scavenge the dissolved Th isotopes. Natural 234Th was used as the tracer for monitoring the efficiency of scavenging. For all three isotopes, most of the activity was found in the dissolved form. On the average 4% of the 234Th, 15% of the 228Th, and 17% of the 230Th occurred in the particulate form, though the percentages were found to be strongly dependent on particle concentration. These distributions are not consistent with chemical scavenging models that assume irreversible uptake of Th on particle surfaces. The results can be explained, however, if continuous exchange of Th isotopes between seawater and the particle surfaces is assumed. Vertical profiles of both particulate and dissolved 230Th show increasing concentrations with depth, as required by the assumption of reversible exchange. Some of the dissolved 230Th profiles, however, show a reversal of this trend near the bottom, indicating accelerated scavenging near the water/sediment interface. Kinetics of both adsorption and desorption can be examined if at least two Th isotopes are measured in the same samples. Results show that reaction times are short (a few months) compared to the residence time of suspended matter in the deep ocean (several years), indicating that particles suspended in the deep sea are close to equilibrium with respect to exchange of metals at their surfaces.

675 citations


"Rapid uranium-series age screening ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…utilised in a wide variety of ways to investigate past ocean and climate states such as sea-level determination through glacial/interglacial cycles (Broecker et al., 1968; Fairbanks, 1989; Gallup, 1997; Potter et al., 2004; Richards et al., 1994; Thompson et al., 2011), tracking changes in Asian…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
19 Jan 1968-Science
TL;DR: Data show a parallelism over the last 150,000 years between changes in Earth's climate and changes in the summer insolation predicted from cycles in the tilt and precession of Earth's axis.
Abstract: Barbados provides a possibly unique opportunity for reconstruction of the times and elevations of late-Pleistocene high stands of the sea. The island appears to be rising from the sea at a uniform rate that is fast enough to separate in elevation coral-reef tracts formed at successive high stands of the sea. Unaltered coral found in the lower terraces enables high-precision Th(230): U(234) and Pa(231): U(235) dating. Three distinct high stands of the sea are found about 122,000, 103,000, and 82,000 years ago. New Pa(231) and Th(230) dates from a deep-sea core also indicate that Ericson's W-X cold-to-warm climatic change occurred close to 126,000 years ago. These data show a parallelism over the last 150,000 years between changes in Earth's climate and changes in the summer insolation predicted from cycles in the tilt and precession of Earth's axis.

403 citations


"Rapid uranium-series age screening ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...A cold-water coral (Dr18-1) collected on the cruise CE-0806 (2007) to Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland was used as the first standard, with precise determination of the U-series age from Burke (2012)....

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  • ...For all corals and one speleothem, ID-MC-ICPMS age estimates were taken from the literature (Burke, 2012; Burke and Robinson, 2012; Druffel et al., 2008; Potter et al., 2004; Robinson et al., 2004a; Smith, 2014; Thompson et al., 2011)....

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