Rates, characteristics and circumstances of methamphetamine-related death in Australia: a national 7-year study.
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...Methamphetamine death rates have doubled in Australia from 2009 to 2015, with direct toxicity being the most frequent cause but acceleration of natural disease, suicide and accidental death also feature highly (Darke et al., 2017)....
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References
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"Rates, characteristics and circumst..." refers background in this paper
...6 million disability‐adjusted life years lost in 2010 attributable to amphetamine class dependence [3]....
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...It is estimated that there are some 35 million stimulant users world‐wide, predominantly of methamphetamine, and there have been large increases in production, seizures and use in recent years [3]....
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"Rates, characteristics and circumst..." refers background in this paper
...For example, the use of alcohol with methamphetamine increases heart rate and blood pressure beyond that seen for methamphetamine use alone [13,36]....
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...The hypertensive effect of methamphetamine places strain upon the cardiovascular system, and is a causal factor in the progressive and accelerated development of cardiac disease, coronary atherosclerosis and other vascular disease [13,15,17]....
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...Multiple drugs appear common, and may influence the toxicity of methamphetamine [7,9,13,27,35]....
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...From the limited data on fatalities, there does not appear to be a clear dose response, such as seen with drugs such as alcohol or the opioids, and very low doses may be lethal [7,9,13,27,35]....
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