Rational Design of Three-Layered TiO2 @Carbon@MoS2 Hierarchical Nanotubes for Enhanced Lithium Storage.
TL;DR: The rational design and synthesis of three-layered TiO2 @carbon@MoS2 hierarchical nanotubes for anode applications in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) manifest remarkable lithium storage performance with good rate capability and long cycle life.
Abstract: Here we demonstrate the rational design and synthesis of three-layered TiO2 @carbon@MoS2 hierarchical nanotubes for anode applications in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Through an efficient step-by-step strategy, ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets are grown on nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) coated TiO2 nanotubes to achieve the TiO2 @NC@MoS2 tubular nanostructures. This smart design can effectively shorten the diffusion length of Li+ ions, increase electric conductivity of the electrode, relax volume variation of electrode materials upon cycling, and provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. Owing to these structural and compositional features, the hierarchical TiO2 @NC@MoS2 nanotubes manifest remarkable lithium storage performance with good rate capability and long cycle life.
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TL;DR: Benefiting from the structural and compositional merits, the optimized ZnIn2S4-In2O3 photocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance for reductive CO2 deoxygenation with considerable CO generation rate and high stability.
Abstract: We demonstrate the rational design and construction of sandwich-like ZnIn2S4–In2O3 hierarchical tubular heterostructures by growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on both inner and outer surfaces of In2O3 microtubes as photocatalysts for efficient CO2 photoreduction. The unique design integrates In2O3 and ZnIn2S4 into hierarchical one-dimensional (1D) open architectures with double-heterojunction shells and ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet subunits. This design accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, offers large surface area for CO2 adsorption, and exposes abundant active sites for surface catalysis. Benefiting from the structural and compositional merits, the optimized ZnIn2S4–In2O3 photocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance for reductive CO2 deoxygenation with considerable CO generation rate (3075 μmol h–1 g–1) and high stability.
833 citations
TL;DR: Rational design and fabrication of hierarchical In2S3-CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotubes as efficient and stable photocatalysts for visible light CO2 reduction manifest remarkable performance for deoxygenative reduction of CO2 with high CO generation rate and outstanding stability under visible light irradiation.
Abstract: We demonstrate rational design and fabrication of hierarchical In2S3-CdIn2S4 heterostructured nanotubes as efficient and stable photocatalysts for visible light CO2 reduction. The novel self-templated strategy, including sequential anion- and cation-exchange reactions, integrates two distinct sulfide semiconductors into hierarchical tubular hybrids with homogeneous interfacial contacts and ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet subunits. Accordingly, the hierarchical heterostructured nanotubes facilitate separation and migration of photoinduced charge carriers, enhance the adsorption and concentration of CO2 molecules, and offer rich active sites for surface redox reactions. Benefiting from these structural and compositional features, the optimized hierarchical In2S3-CdIn2S4 nanotubes without employing noble metal cocatalysts in the catalytic system manifest remarkable performance for deoxygenative reduction of CO2 with high CO generation rate (825 μmol h–1 g–1) and outstanding stability under visible l...
526 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the delicate design and construction of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon@NiCo2O4 double-shelled nanoboxes for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with visible light.
Abstract: Here we demonstrate the delicate design and construction of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon@NiCo2O4 (NC@NiCo2O4) double-shelled nanoboxes for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with visible light. This smart design rationally combines the structural and functional advantages of catalytically active Co and Ni species with conductive nitrogen-doped carbon into a three-dimensional hollow nanoarchitecture, which can remarkably facilitate the migration and separation of photogenerated charge carriers, enhance the adsorption and concentration of CO2 molecules, and provide more active sites for photochemical reactions. Benefitting from these unique structural and compositional features, the hierarchical NC@NiCo2O4 double-shelled nanoboxes manifest considerable performance for the deoxygenative reduction of CO2 with a high CO-evolving rate (26.2 μmol h−1; 2.62 × 104 μmol h−1 g−1) and high stability.
323 citations
TL;DR: A simple solvothermal method to synthesize a series of MoS2 nanosheets@nitrogen-doped graphene composites is developed, demonstrating the significance in surface-controlled pseudocapacitance contribution at the high rate and offering some meaningful preparation and investigation experiences for designing electrode materials for commercial sodium-ion batteries with favorable performance.
Abstract: Transition-metal disulfide with its layered structure is regarded as a kind of promising host material for sodium insertion, and intensely investigated for sodium-ion batteries. In this work, a simple solvothermal method to synthesize a series of MoS2 nanosheets@nitrogen-doped graphene composites is developed. This newly designed recipe of raw materials and solvents leads the success of tuning size, number of layers, and interplanar spacing of the as-prepared MoS2 nanosheets. Under cut-off voltage and based on an intercalation mechanism, the ultrasmall MoS2 nanosheets@nitrogen-doped graphene composite exhibits more preferable cycling and rate performance compared to few-/dozens-layered MoS2 nanosheets@nitrogen-doped graphene, as well as many other reported insertion-type anode materials. Last, detailed kinetics analysis and density functional theory calculation are also employed to explain the Na+ - storage behavior, thus proving the significance in surface-controlled pseudocapacitance contribution at the high rate. Furthermore, this work offers some meaningful preparation and investigation experiences for designing electrode materials for commercial sodium-ion batteries with favorable performance.
281 citations
TL;DR: 3D porous structures, in which the few-layer MoS2 nanosheets with expanded interlayers can provide shortened ion diffusion paths and improved Li+/Na+ diffusion mobility, and the hollow porous carbon spheres and the outside graphene network are able to improve the conductivity and maintain the structural integrity are attributed to the excellent electrochemical performance.
Abstract: The exploration of anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) or sodium ion batteries (SIBs) represents a grand technological challenge to meet the continuously increased demand for the high-performance energy storage market Here we report a facile and reliable synthetic strategy for in situ growth of few-layer MoS2 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) cross-linked hollow carbon spheres (HCS) with formation of three-dimensional (3D) network nanohybrids (MoS2-rGO/HCS) Systematic electrochemical studies demonstrate, as an anode of LIBs, the as-developed MoS2-rGO/HCS can deliver a reversible capacity of 1145 mAh g–1 after 100 cycles at 01 A g–1 and a revisible capacity of 753 mAh g–1 over 1000 cycles at 2 A g–1 For SIBs, the as-developed MoS2-rGO/HCS can also maintain a reversible capacity of 443 mAh g–1 at 1 A g–1 after 500 cycles The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the 3D porous structures, in which the few-layer MoS2 nanosheets with expanded interlayers can prov
263 citations
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TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
Abstract: Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries, highlight ongoing research strategies, and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems.
17,496 citations
TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
Abstract: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power our modern lifestyles demand.
15,980 citations
TL;DR: New strategies are needed for batteries that go beyond powering hand-held devices, such as using electrode hosts with two-electron redox centers; replacing the cathode hosts by materials that undergo displacement reactions; and developing a Li(+) solid electrolyte separator membrane that allows an organic and aqueous liquid electrolyte on the anode and cathode sides, respectively.
Abstract: Each cell of a battery stores electrical energy as chemical energy in two electrodes, a reductant (anode) and an oxidant (cathode), separated by an electrolyte that transfers the ionic component of the chemical reaction inside the cell and forces the electronic component outside the battery. The output on discharge is an external electronic current I at a voltage V for a time Δt. The chemical reaction of a rechargeable battery must be reversible on the application of a charging I and V. Critical parameters of a rechargeable battery are safety, density of energy that can be stored at a specific power input and retrieved at a specific power output, cycle and shelf life, storage efficiency, and cost of fabrication. Conventional ambient-temperature rechargeable batteries have solid electrodes and a liquid electrolyte. The positive electrode (cathode) consists of a host framework into which the mobile (working) cation is inserted reversibly over a finite solid–solution range. The solid–solution range, which is...
6,950 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that vertically aligned nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (VA-NCNTs) can act as a metal-free electrode with a much better electrocatalytic activity, long-term operation stability, and tolerance to crossover effect than platinum for oxygen reduction in alkaline fuel cells.
Abstract: The large-scale practical application of fuel cells will be difficult to realize if the expensive platinum-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) cannot be replaced by other efficient, low-cost, and stable electrodes. Here, we report that vertically aligned nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (VA-NCNTs) can act as a metal-free electrode with a much better electrocatalytic activity, long-term operation stability, and tolerance to crossover effect than platinum for oxygen reduction in alkaline fuel cells. In air-saturated 0.1 molar potassium hydroxide, we observed a steady-state output potential of –80 millivolts and a current density of 4.1 milliamps per square centimeter at –0.22 volts, compared with –85 millivolts and 1.1 milliamps per square centimeter at –0.20 volts for a platinum-carbon electrode. The incorporation of electron-accepting nitrogen atoms in the conjugated nanotube carbon plane appears to impart a relatively high positive charge density on adjacent carbon atoms. This effect, coupled with aligning the NCNTs, provides a four-electron pathway for the ORR on VA-NCNTs with a superb performance.
6,370 citations
TL;DR: Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors belong to the same family of energy conversion devices and are needed to service the wide energy requirements of various devices and systems.
Abstract: Electrochemical energy conversion devices are pervasive in our daily lives. Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors belong to the same family of energy conversion devices. They are all based on the fundamentals of electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics. All three are needed to service the wide energy requirements of various devices and systems. Neither batteries, fuel cells nor electrochemical capacitors, by themselves, can serve all applications.
6,230 citations