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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease

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TLDR
Findings suggest that cytokine dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of H5N1 disease and development of vaccines against influenza A (H5N 1) virus should be made a priority.
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This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2004-02-21 and is currently open access. It has received 809 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Orthomyxoviridae & Influenza A virus subtype H5N1.

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Citations
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome.

TL;DR: The concerted and coordinated response that contained SARS is a triumph for global public health and provides a new paradigm for the detection and control of future emerging infectious disease threats.
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Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia

TL;DR: The observations indicate that high viral load, and the resulting intense inflammatory responses, are central to influenza H5N1 pathogenesis and the focus of clinical management should be on preventing this intense cytokine response, by early diagnosis and effective antiviral treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI

1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the public health implications of the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, which caused ≈50 million deaths worldwide and remains an ominous warning to public health.
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Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm

TL;DR: How high-throughput genomic methods are revealing the importance of the kinetics of cytokine gene expression and the remarkable degree of redundancy and overlap in cytokine signaling is highlighted.
References
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Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

TL;DR: The results suggest transmission of the virus from infected chickens to the child without another intermediate mammalian host acting as a "mixing vessel" illustrates the importance of intensive global influenza surveillance.
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Clinical features and rapid viral diagnosis of human disease associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus.

TL;DR: Avian Influenza A H5N1 virus causes human influenza-like illness with a high rate of complications in adults admitted to hospital, and rapid H5-subtype-specific laboratory diagnosis can be made by RT-PCR applied directly to clinical specimens.
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Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease?

TL;DR: The H5N1/97 viruses induced much higher gene transcription of proinflammatory cytokines than did H3N2 or H1N1 viruses, particularly TNF alpha and interferon beta, which may contribute to the unusual severity of human H 5N1 disease.
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Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands

TL;DR: An unexpectedly high number of transmissions of avian influenza A virus subtype H7N7 to people directly involved in handling infected poultry, and evidence for person-to-person transmission are noted.
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Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus.

TL;DR: It is postulated that in fatal human infections with this avian subtype, initial virus replication in the respiratory tract triggers hypercytokinemia complicated by the reactive hemophagocytic syndrome.
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