Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) based asymmetric slit patch antenna loaded with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) for circular polarization
27 Feb 2019-Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 33, Iss: 8, pp 1003-1013
TL;DR: In this article, a compact patch antenna with an artificial meta-surface known as reactive impedance surface (RIS) is designed for circular polarization in the ISM band, which consists of an antenna consisting of an...
Abstract: In this paper a compact patch antenna backed with artificial meta-surface known as reactive impedance surface (RIS) is designed for circular polarization in the ISM band. The antenna consists of an...
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple, low cost and compact triangular microstrip antenna with metamaterial, designed for wireless sensor node applications, is presented, which consists of a tri...
Abstract: This paper presents a simple, low cost and compact triangular microstrip antenna with metamaterial, designed for wireless sensor node applications. The proposed microstrip antenna consists of a tri...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a new fractal microstrip patch antenna for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) (5.850–5.925 GHz) (IEEE 802.11p) service band which entirely covers the DSRC band.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors presented a new fractal microstrip patch antenna for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) (5.850–5.925 GHz) (IEEE 802.11p) service band. The proposed structure is obtained by etching the Minkowski boxes in all the four corners of a square geometry. Further, a square, obtained by imposing a scale factor of 50% of the existing sides, has been erased from each of the corners of the resultant structure. The final structure is obtained by superimposing this existing one with its $$45^\circ $$
rotated version. In order to get proper circular polarization and satisfactory S
$$_{11}$$
characteristics from this structure, three diagonal grooves and four cross-coupled rectangular thin slits are carved from the resultant fractal geometry. A single layered Roger 5880 PCB laminated material is used to design the structure and simulated it using CST Microwave studio. The proposed antenna is a right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) one with resonating frequency of 5.91 GHz. The measured CP gain of the antenna at resonating frequency is 5.58 dBic, and it gives a 3-dB axial bandwidth of 102 MHz which entirely covers the DSRC band. The measured radiation efficiency of the antenna is 94% and its computed aperture efficiency becomes 72%. The measured result of the prototype makes an excellent agreement with the simulated counterpart.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a single feed circularly polarized (CP) antenna along with a frequency selective surface (FSS) that acts as a partially reflective surface over the patch is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a compact single feed circularly polarized (CP) antenna along with a frequency selective surface (FSS) that acts as a partially reflective surface over the patch. Patch is loaded with four diagonally asymmetric complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) in order to achieve circular polarization. In this paper a novel design of reflective type FSS layer is presented at 2.4 GHz. The size of FSS unit cell is approximately 0.132λ0 × 0.132λ0, and it is placed at a distance of 0.146λ0 from the patch. Simulated impedance bandwidth of the antenna for S11 < −10 dB is from 2.385 to 2.506 GHz (121 MHz or 4.95%) which covers the entire IEEE 802.11 WLAN band (2.4–2.484 GHz). Position of the four CSRRs on the patch and the height of FSS screen are determined through parametric studies, and the detailed analyses in terms of reflection coefficient, axial ratio, and gain variation are also presented. Gain of the antenna is 3.02 dBic at the operating frequency 2.45 GHz. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
3 citations
Cites background or methods from "Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) ba..."
...In [13, 16, 17], reactive impedance surface (RIS) has been combined between the radiating patch and ground plane to improve...
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...In [15, 16], CSRRs are loaded on the patch and the ground plane of the microstrip antennas separately to obtain circular polarization....
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3 citations
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11 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define Metamaterials (MTMs) and Left-Handed (LH) MTMs as a class of two-dimensional MTMs.
Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgments. Acronyms. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Definition of Metamaterials (MTMs) and Left-Handed (LH) MTMs. 1.2 Theoretical Speculation by Viktor Veselago. 1.3 Experimental Demonstration of Left-Handedness. 1.4 Further Numerical and Experimental Confirmations. 1.5 "Conventional" Backward Waves and Novelty of LH MTMs. 1.6 Terminology. 1.7 Transmission Line (TL) Approach. 1.8 Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) MTMs. 1.9 MTMs and Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) Structures. 1.10 Historical "Germs" of MTMs. References. 2 Fundamentals of LH MTMs. 2.1 Left-Handedness from Maxwell's Equations. 2.2 Entropy Conditions in Dispersive Media. 2.3 Boundary Conditions. 2.4 Reversal of Doppler Effect. 2.5 Reversal of Vavilov- Cerenkov Radiation. 2.6 Reversal of Snell's Law: Negative Refraction. 2.7 Focusing by a "Flat LH Lens". 2.8 Fresnel Coefficients. 2.9 Reversal of Goos-H anchen Effect. 2.10 Reversal of Convergence and Divergence in Convex and Concave Lenses. 2.11 Subwavelength Diffraction. References. 3 TLTheoryofMTMs. 3.1 Ideal Homogeneous CRLH TLs. 3.1.1 Fundamental TL Characteristics. 3.1.2 Equivalent MTM Constitutive Parameters. 3.1.3 Balanced and Unbalanced Resonances. 3.1.4 Lossy Case. 3.2 LC Network Implementation. 3.2.1 Principle. 3.2.2 Difference with Conventional Filters. 3.2.3 Transmission Matrix Analysis. 3.2.4 Input Impedance. 3.2.5 Cutoff Frequencies. 3.2.6 Analytical Dispersion Relation. 3.2.7 Bloch Impedance. 3.2.8 Effect of Finite Size in the Presence of Imperfect Matching. 3.3 Real Distributed 1D CRLH Structures. 3.3.1 General Design Guidelines. 3.3.2 Microstrip Implementation. 3.3.3 Parameters Extraction. 3.4 Experimental Transmission Characteristics. 3.5 Conversion from Transmission Line to Constitutive Parameters. References. 4 Two-Dimensional MTMs. 4.1 Eigenvalue Problem. 4.1.1 General Matrix System. 4.1.2 CRLH Particularization. 4.1.3 Lattice Choice, Symmetry Points, Brillouin Zone, and 2D Dispersion Representations. 4.2 Driven Problem by the Transmission Matrix Method (TMM). 4.2.1 Principle of the TMM. 4.2.2 Scattering Parameters. 4.2.3 Voltage and Current Distributions. 4.2.4 Interest and Limitations of the TMM. 4.3 Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Modeling Method. 4.3.1 TLM Modeling of the Unloaded TL Host Network. 4.3.2 TLM Modeling of the Loaded TL Host Network (CRLH). 4.3.3 Relationship between Material Properties and the TLM Model Parameters. 4.3.4 Suitability of the TLM Approach for MTMs. 4.4 Negative Refractive Index (NRI) Effects. 4.4.1 Negative Phase Velocity. 4.4.2 Negative Refraction. 4.4.3 Negative Focusing. 4.4.4 RH-LH Interface Surface Plasmons. 4.4.5 Reflectors with Unusual Properties. 4.5 Distributed 2D Structures. 4.5.1 Description of Possible Structures. 4.5.2 Dispersion and Propagation Characteristics. 4.5.3 Parameter Extraction. 4.5.4 Distributed Implementation of the NRI Slab. References. 5 Guided-Wave Applications. 5.1 Dual-Band Components. 5.1.1 Dual-Band Property of CRLH TLs. 5.1.2 Quarter-Wavelength TL and Stubs. 5.1.3 Passive Component Examples: Quadrature Hybrid and Wilkinson Power Divider. 5.1.3.1 Quadrature Hybrid. 5.1.3.2 Wilkinson Power Divider. 5.1.4 Nonlinear Component Example: Quadrature Subharmonically Pumped Mixer. 5.2 Enhanced-Bandwidth Components. 5.2.1 Principle of Bandwidth Enhancement. 5.2.2 Rat-Race Coupler Example. 5.3 Super-compact Multilayer "Vertical" TL. 5.3.1 "Vertical" TL Architecture. 5.3.2 TL Performances. 5.3.3 Diplexer Example. 5.4 Tight Edge-Coupled Coupled-Line Couplers (CLCs). 5.4.1 Generalities on Coupled-Line Couplers. 5.4.1.1 TEM and Quasi-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Small Interspacing: Impedance Coupling (IC). 5.4.1.2 Non-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Relatively Large Spacing: Phase Coupling (PC). 5.4.1.3 Summary on Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures. 5.4.1.4 Asymmetric Coupled-Line Structures. 5.4.1.5 Advantages of MTM Couplers. 5.4.2 Symmetric Impedance Coupler. 5.4.3 Asymmetric Phase Coupler. 5.5 Negative and Zeroth-Order Resonator. 5.5.1 Principle. 5.5.2 LC Network Implementation. 5.5.3 Zeroth-Order Resonator Characteristics. 5.5.4 Circuit Theory Verification. 5.5.5 Microstrip Realization. References. 6 Radiated-Wave Applications. 6.1 Fundamental Aspects of Leaky-Wave Structures. 6.1.1 Principle of Leakage Radiation. 6.1.2 Uniform and Periodic Leaky-Wave Structures. 6.1.2.1 Uniform LW Structures. 6.1.2.2 Periodic LW Structures. 6.1.3 Metamaterial Leaky-Wave Structures. 6.2 Backfire-to-Endfire (BE) Leaky-Wave (LW) Antenna. 6.3 Electronically Scanned BE LW Antenna. 6.3.1 Electronic Scanning Principle. 6.3.2 Electronic Beamwidth Control Principle. 6.3.3 Analysis of the Structure and Results. 6.4 Reflecto-Directive Systems. 6.4.1 Passive Retro-Directive Reflector. 6.4.2 Arbitrary-Angle Frequency Tuned Reflector. 6.4.3 Arbitrary-Angle Electronically Tuned Reflector. 6.5 Two-Dimensional Structures. 6.5.1 Two-Dimensional LW Radiation. 6.5.2 Conical-Beam Antenna. 6.5.3 Full-Space Scanning Antenna. 6.6 Zeroth Order Resonating Antenna. 6.7 Dual-Band CRLH-TL Resonating Ring Antenna. 6.8 Focusing Radiative "Meta-Interfaces". 6.8.1 Heterodyne Phased Array. 6.8.2 Nonuniform Leaky-Wave Radiator. References. 7 The Future of MTMs. 7.1 "Real-Artificial" Materials: the Challenge of Homogenization. 7.2 Quasi-Optical NRI Lenses and Devices. 7.3 Three-Dimensional Isotropic LH MTMs. 7.4 Optical MTMs. 7.5 "Magnetless" Magnetic MTMs. 7.6 Terahertz Magnetic MTMs. 7.7 Surface Plasmonic MTMs. 7.8 Antenna Radomes and Frequency Selective Surfaces. 7.9 Nonlinear MTMs. 7.10 Active MTMs. 7.11 Other Topics of Interest. References. Index.
2,750 citations
"Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) ba..." refers background in this paper
...Split ring resonator (SRR), which was first proposed by Pendry, and its dual complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) are the most commonly known resonant types of meta-structure [5]....
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...Metamaterial based patch antenna excites at lower resonant frequency due to the existence of negative order resonance, hence enabling size reduction [5,6]....
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Book•
01 Jan 2006TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a three-dimensional VOLUMEETRIC DNG METAMATERIALs, which are used to generate wave parameters in DNG Media.
Abstract: Preface. Contributors. PART I: DOUBLE-NEGATIVE (DNG) METAMATERIALS. SECTION I: THREE-DIMENSIONAL VOLUMETRIC DNG METAMATERIALS. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, HISTORY, AND SELECTED TOPICS IN FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF METAMATERIALS (Richard W. Ziolkowski and Nader Engheta). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Wave Parameters in DNG Media. 1.3 FDTD Simulations of DNG Media. 1.4 Causality in DNG Media. 1.5 Scattering from a DNG Slab. 1.6 Backward Waves. 1.7 Negative Refraction. 1.8 Phase Compensation with a DNG Medium. 1.9 Dispersion Compensation in a Transmission Line Using a DNG Medium. 1.10 Subwavelength Focusing with a DNG Medium. 1.11 Metamaterials with a Zero Index of Refraction. 1.12 Summary. References. CHAPTER 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF WAVEGUIDE AND ANTENNA APPLICATIONS INVOLVING DNG AND SNG METAMATERIALS (Nader Engheta, Andrea Alu, Richard W. Ziolkowski, and Aycan Erentok). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Subwavelength Cavities and Waveguides. 2.3 Subwavelength Cylindrical and Spherical Core-Shell Systems. 2.4 ENG-MNG and DPS-DNG Matched Metamaterial Pairs for Resonant Enhancements of Source-Generated Fields. 2.5 Efficient, Electrically Small Dipole Antennas: DNG Nested Shells. 2.6 Efficient, Electrically Small Dipole Antennas: ENG Nested Shells-Analysis. 2.7 Efficient, Electrically Small Dipole Antennas: HFSS Simulations of Dipole-ENG Shell Systems. 2.8 Metamaterial Realization of an Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Antenna Applications. 2.9 Zero-Index Metamaterials for Antenna Applications. 2.10 Summary. References. CHAPTER 3: WAVEGUIDE EXPERIMENTS TO CHARACTERIZE PROPERTIES OF SNG AND DNG METAMATERIALS (Silvio Hrabar). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Basic Types of Bulk Metamaterials with Inclusions. 3.3 Theoretical Analysis of Rectangular Waveguide Filled with General Metamaterial. 3.4 Investigation of Rectangular Waveguide Filled with 2D Isotropic ENG Metamaterial. 3.5 Investigation of Rectangular Waveguide Filled with 2D Isotropic MNG Metamaterial. 3.6 Investigation of Rectangular Waveguide Filled with 2D Uniaxial MNG Metamaterial. 3.7 Investigation of Rectangular Waveguide Filled with 2D Isotropic DNG Metamaterial. 3.8 Investigation of Subwavelength Resonator. 3.9 Conclusions. References. CHAPTER 4: REFRACTION EXPERIMENTS IN WAVEGUIDE ENVIRONMENTS (Tomasz M. Grzegorczyk, Jin Au Kong, and Ran Lixin). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Microscopic and Macroscopic Views of Metamaterials. 4.3 Measurement Techniques. 4.4 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. SECTION II: TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANAR NEGATIVE-INDEX STRUCTURES. CHAPTER 5: ANTENNA APPLICATIONS AND SUBWAVELENGTH FOCUSING USING NEGATIVE-REFRACTIVE-INDEX TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURES (George V. Eleftheriades). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Planar Transmission Line Media with Negative Refractive Index. 5.3 Zero-Degree Phase-Shifting Lines and Applications. 5.4 Backward Leaky-Wave Antenna Radiating in Its Fundamental Spatial Harmonic. 5.5 Superresolving NRI Transmission Line Lens. 5.6 Detailed Dispersion of Planar NRI-TL Media. Acknowledgments. References. CHAPTER 6: RESONANCE CONE ANTENNAS (Keith G. Balmain and Andrea A. E. Luttgen). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Planar Metamaterial, Corner-Fed, Anisotropic Grid Antenna. 6.3 Resonance Cone Refraction Effects in a Low-Profile Antenna. 6.4 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. CHAPTER 7: MICROWAVE COUPLER AND RESONATOR APPLICATIONS OF NRI PLANAR STRUCTURES (Christophe Caloz and Tatsuo Itoh). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line Metamaterials. 7.3 Metamaterial Couplers. 7.4 Metamaterial Resonators. 7.5 Conclusions. References. PART II: ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP (EBG) METAMATERIALS. SECTION I: THREE-DIMENSIONAL VOLUMETRIC EBG MEDIA. CHAPTER 8: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES IN MODELING THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERIODIC STRUCTURES WITH EMPHASIS ON VOLUMETRIC EBGs (Maria Kafesaki and Costas M. Soukoulis). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Theoretical and Numerical Methods. 8.3 Comparison of Different Numerical Techniques. 8.4 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. CHAPTER 9: FABRICATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND APPLICATIONS OF EBG STRUCTURES (Peter de Maagt and Peter Huggard). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Manufacturing. 9.3 Experimental Characterization of EBG Crystals. 9.4 Current and Future Applications of EBG Systems. 9.5 Conclusions. References. CHAPTER 10: SUPERPRISM EFFECTS AND EBG ANTENNA APPLICATIONS (Boris Gralak, Stefan Enoch, and G-erard Tayeb). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Refractive Properties of a Piece of Photonic Crystal. 10.3 Superprism Effect. 10.4 Antenna Applications. 10.5 Conclusion. References. SECTION II: TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLANAR EBG STRUCTURES. CHAPTER 11: REVIEW OF THEORY, FABRICATION, AND APPLICATIONS OF HIGH-IMPEDANCE GROUND PLANES (Dan Sievenpiper). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Surface Waves. 11.3 High-Impedance Surfaces. 11.4 Surface Wave Bands. 11.5 Reflection Phase. 11.6 Bandwidth. 11.7 Design Procedure. 11.8 Antenna Applications. 11.9 Tunable Impedance Surfaces. 11.10 Reflective-Beam Steering. 11.11 Leaky-Wave Beam Steering. 11.12 Backward Bands. 11.13 Summary. References. CHAPTER 12: DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX ARTIFICIAL GROUND PLANES IN ANTENNA ENGINEERING (Yahya Rahmat-Samii and Fan Yang). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 FDTD Analysis of Complex Artificial Ground Planes. 12.3 Various Complex Artificial Ground-Plane Designs. 12.4 Applications of Artificial Ground Planes in Antenna Engineering. 12.5 Summary. References. CHAPTER 13: FSS-BASED EBG SURFACES (Stefano Maci and Alessio Cucini). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 MoM Solution. 13.3 Accessible Mode Admittance Network. 13.4 Pole-Zero Matching Method for Dispersion Analysis. 13.5 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. CHAPTER 14: SPACE-FILLING CURVE HIGH-IMPEDANCE GROUND PLANES (John McVay, Nader Engheta, and Ahmad Hoorfar). 14.1 Resonances of Space-Filling Curve Elements. 14.2 High-Impedance Surfaces Made of Space-Filling Curve Inclusions. 14.3 Use of Space-Filling Curve High-Impedance Surfaces in Antenna Applications. 14.4 Space-Filling Curve Elements as Inclusions in DNG Bulk Media. 14.5 Conclusions. References. Index.
1,458 citations
"Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) ba..." refers background in this paper
...Metamaterial based patch antenna excites at lower resonant frequency due to the existence of negative order resonance, hence enabling size reduction [5,6]....
[...]
Book•
01 Oct 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an exhaustive coverage of broadband techniques, including the most up-to-date information to help users choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations without sacrificing other antenna parameters.
Abstract: Look to this new, cutting-edge microstrip antenna book for the first exhaustive coverage of broadband techniques, including the most up-to-date information to help you choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations for your applications, without sacrificing other antenna parameters. The book shows you how to take advantage of the lightweight, low volume benefits of these antennas, by providing clear explanations of the various configurations and simple design equations that help you analyze and design microstrip antennas with speed and confidence. This practical resource offers you a comprehensive understanding of the radiation mechanism and characteristic of microstrip antennas, and provides guidance in designing new types of planar monopole antennas with multi-octave bandwidth. You learn how to select and design proper broadband microstrip antenna configurations for compact, tunable, dual-band and circular polarization applications. Moreover, the book compares all the broadband techniques and suggests the most attractive configuration. Extensively referenced with over 300 illustrations and 140 equations.
1,436 citations
"Reactive Impedance Surface (RIS) ba..." refers background in this paper
...Although dual feed configurations provide wider axial ratio bandwidth, they are however contrary to compact antenna design because of additional feeding circuit present in the antenna structure [2,3]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a reactive impedance surface (RIS) as a substrate for planar antennas that can miniaturize the size and significantly enhance both the bandwidth and the radiation characteristics of an antenna.
Abstract: The concept of a novel reactive impedance surface (RIS) as a substrate for planar antennas, that can miniaturize the size and significantly enhance both the bandwidth and the radiation characteristics of an antenna is introduced. Using the exact image formulation for the fields of elementary sources above impedance surfaces, it is shown that a purely reactive impedance plane with a specific surface reactance can minimize the interaction between the elementary source and its image in the RIS substrate. An RIS can be tuned anywhere between perfectly electric and magnetic conductor (PEC and PMC) surfaces offering a property to achieve the optimal bandwidth and miniaturization factor. It is demonstrated that RIS can provide performance superior to PMC when used as substrate for antennas. The RIS substrate is designed utilizing two-dimensional periodic printed metallic patches on a metal-backed high dielectric material. A simplified circuit model describing the physical phenomenon of the periodic surface is developed for simple analysis and design of the RIS substrate. Also a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) full-wave analysis in conjunction with periodic boundary conditions and perfectly matched layer walls is applied to provide comprehensive study and analysis of complex antennas on such substrates. Examples of different planar antennas including dipole and patch antennas on RIS are considered, and their characteristics are compared with those obtained from the same antennas over PEC and PMC. The simulations compare very well with measured results obtained from a prototype /spl lambda//10 miniaturized patch antenna fabricated on an RIS substrate. This antenna shows measured relative bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of BW=6.7, G=4.5 dBi, and e/sub r/=90, respectively, which constitutes the highest bandwidth, gain, and efficiency for such a small size thin planar antenna.
653 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three types of single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antennas, namely, a diagonal fed nearly square, a truncated-corners square and a square with a diagonal slot, are presented.
Abstract: Analysis and optimized designs are presented of three types of single feed circularly polarized microstrip antennas, namely, a diagonal fed nearly square, a truncated-corners square and a square with a diagonal slot. The Green's function approach and the desegmentation methods are used. The resonant frequencies are calculated for two orthogonal modes which together yield circular polarization. Optimum feed locations are determined for the best impedance match to a 50 \Omega coaxial feed line. Axial-ratio bandwidths, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidths and radiation patterns are evaluated and verified experimentally.
602 citations