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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Realistic estimation of power penalty through a probabilistic framework in a WDM receiver with component crosstalk

Santu Sarkar1, Pinak Pani Mukherjee2, Nikhil Ranjan Das1•
University of Calcutta1, Academy of Technology2
01 Jul 2017-pp 171-175
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance degradation in a WDM receiver system is analyzed in terms of power penalty considering the presence of multiple component crosstalk sources, and the effect of the variation of number of interfering channels and cros stalk level are studied for a fixed thermal noise and photocurrent setting of the receiver.
Abstract: In this work, the performance degradation in a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) receiver system is analyzed in terms of power penalty considering the presence of multiple component crosstalk sources. In conventional way, power penalty is calculated considering the presence of all crosstalk sources simultaneously (i.e. worst case) which is not reality in practice and leads to unrealistic estimation. Here a probabilistic approach is adopted which considers all possible probabilistic appearances of the interfering channels and their realistic impact while calculating Bit Error Rate (BER) and penalty. Power penalty considering the presence of signal-crosstalk beat noise is formulated and the effect of the variation of number of interfering channels and crosstalk level are studied for a fixed thermal noise and photocurrent setting of the receiver. In addition the obtained results are compared with the existing worst case analysis model.
References
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Journal Article•DOI•
Handbook of Mathematical Functions

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Milton Abramowitz, Irene A. Stegun, Donald A. McQuarrie
01 Feb 1966-American Journal of Physics

46,339 citations

"Realistic estimation of power penal..." refers background in this paper

  • ...) is the complementary error function [11] and d is the decision threshold....

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  • ...here  is the variance of the receiver noise when ‘1’ is transmitted by the signal channel, erf is error function and SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio [11]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Spectral efficiency limits and modulation/detection techniques for DWDM systems

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Joseph M. Kahn1, Keang-Po Ho2•
Stanford University1, National Taiwan University2
07 Jun 2004-IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral efficiency of DWDM transmission systems is compared in terms of their spectral efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio requirements, assuming amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise source.
Abstract: Information-theoretic limits to spectral efficiency in dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (DWDM) transmission systems are reviewed, considering various modulation techniques (unconstrained, constant-intensity, binary), detection techniques (coherent, direct), and propagation regimes (linear, nonlinear). Spontaneous emission from inline optical amplifiers is assumed to be the dominant noise source in all cases. Coherent detection allows use of two degrees of freedom per polarization, and its spectral efficiency limits are several b/s/Hz in typical terrestrial systems, even considering nonlinear effects. Using either constant-intensity modulation or direct detection, only one degree of freedom per polarization can be used, significantly reducing spectral efficiency. Using binary modulation, regardless of detection technique, spectral efficiency cannot exceed 1 b/s/Hz per polarization. When the number of signal and/or noise photons is small, the particle nature of photons must be considered. The quantum-limited spectral efficiency for coherent detection is slightly smaller than the classical capacity, but that for direct detection is 0.3 b/s/Hz higher than its classical counterpart. Various binary and nonbinary modulation techniques, in conjunction with appropriate detection techniques, are compared in terms of their spectral efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio requirements, assuming amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise source. These include a) pulse-amplitude modulation with direct detection, b) differential phase-shift keying with interferometric detection, c) phase-shift keying with coherent detection, and d) quadrature-amplitude modulation with coherent detection.

322 citations

"Realistic estimation of power penal..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Almost every instances [4]-[9] follow the conventional worst-case approximation approach for the estimation of BER, which assumes that all the interfering channels are simultaneously contributing....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Impact of crosstalk in an arrayed-waveguide multiplexer on N/spl times/N optical interconnection

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Hiroshi Takahashi, K. Oda, H. Toba
01 Jun 1996-Journal of Lightwave Technology
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of crosstalk in an arrayed-waveguide N/spl times/N wavelength multiplexer is investigated precisely in relation to its application to wavelength-routing N /spl times /N all optical networks.
Abstract: The impact of crosstalk in an arrayed-waveguide N/spl times/N wavelength multiplexer is investigated precisely in relation to its application to wavelength-routing N/spl times/N all optical networks. In such systems multiple crosstalk light which has the same wavelength as the signal results in signal-crosstalk beat noise. We confirm that the noise is Gaussian and obtain the relation between crosstalk and power penalty. It is shown that the crosstalk must be less than -38 dB for a 16/spl times/16 system to keep the power penalty below 1 dB at a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/.

283 citations

"Realistic estimation of power penal..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Among the various crosstalk phenomenon component crosstalk is major network impairment because this phenomena consists multiple interfering signals which have the same nominal wavelength as the selected signal [6]....

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  • ...0 1) ( e P is then given by usual Gaussian probability distribution function [6]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
High Capacity/Spectral Efficiency 101.7-Tb/s WDM Transmission Using PDM-128QAM-OFDM Over 165-km SSMF Within C- and L-Bands

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Dayou Qian1, Ming-Fang Huang1, Ezra Ip1, Yue-Kai Huang1, Yin Shao1, Junqiang Hu1, Ting Wang1 •
Princeton University1
15 May 2012-Journal of Lightwave Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate 101.7-Tb/s transmission over 355 km spans of standard singlemode fiber (SSMF) at a net spectral efficiency of 11 b/s/Hz.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate 101.7-Tb/s transmission over 355 km spans of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) at a net spectral efficiency of 11 b/s/Hz. A total of 370 dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) channels spanning the optical C- and L-bands spaced at 25 GHz were used. Each 25-GHz channel were subdivided into four subbands, with each subband carrying a 73.5-Gb/s orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal modulated with polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) 128-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) at each modulated subcarrier. This experiment was enabled by digital signal processing (DSP) pre-equalization of transmitter impairments, all Raman amplification, heterodyne coherent detection, and DSP postequalization of the channel and receiver impairments, including pilot-based phase noise compensation.

103 citations

"Realistic estimation of power penal..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Several literatures are reported which provides the mathematical calculation of BER in a WDM receiver with component crosstalk in presence of single and multiple interfering channels [1]-[10], considering the transmitted and interfering signals as OOK (on/off keying) modulated light....

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  • ...INTRODUCTION High-capacity optical WDM systems deploy many wavelength channels at data rates of 10 Gbit/s or higher per channel [1]-[2]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Analysis of homodyne crosstalk in optical networks using Gram-Charlier series

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Keang-Po Ho1•
The Chinese University of Hong Kong1
01 Feb 1999-Journal of Lightwave Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, a correction to Gaussian approximation, Gram-Charlier series is used to analyze homodyne crosstalk with the same wavelength as the signal, and both bit error rate and power penalty are calculated.
Abstract: Homodyne crosstalk with the same wavelength as the signal causes severe system performance degradation in optical networks by beating with the desired signal. Gaussian approximation is found to overestimate the system degradation. A correction to Gaussian approximation, Gram-Charlier series is used to analyze homodyne crosstalk. Both bit error rate (BER) and power penalty are calculated for multiple homodyne interferers.

60 citations

"Realistic estimation of power penal..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...In the absence of any interfering channel, Pe0 and Pe1 are given by [8]...

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  • ...The third term can be ignored compared to second because the signal-crosstalk beat noise is at least 10 dB larger than the crosstalk-crosstalk beating for an usual crosstalk level less than -20 dB [7], [8]....

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  • ...Assuming a receiver system [5], [8-9] (as shown in Fig....

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