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Journal ArticleDOI

Rebalancing the Spatial Economy: The Challenge for Regional Theory

10 Aug 2015-Territory, Politics, Governance (Routledge)-Vol. 3, Iss: 3, pp 235-272
TL;DR: The authors argue that the UK's problem of spatial economic imbalance is in fact a long-standing one, the very persistence of which raises key issues for our theories of regional development and policy, arguing that neither the new spatial economics, with its obsession with agglomeration, nor regional studies, with a plethora of concepts and paradigms but lack of integration and synthesis, offers a particularly convincing basis for devising policies capable of redressing the spatial imbalance in the UK economic landscape.
Abstract: In response to the crisis of 2008 and deep recession that followed, the UK government assigned key importance to the need to ‘spatially rebalance’ the economy, to reduce its dependence on London and the South East by ‘powering up’ northern cities. This paper argues that the UK's problem of spatial economic imbalance is in fact a long-standing one, the very persistence of which raises key issues for our theories of regional development and policy. It argues that neither the new spatial economics, with its obsession with agglomeration, nor regional studies, with its plethora of concepts and paradigms but lack of integration and synthesis, offers a particularly convincing basis for devising policies capable of redressing the spatial imbalance in the UK's economic landscape.

Summary (2 min read)

1. Introduction: The Concern over Spatial

  • London has a centrifugal pull on talent, investment and business from the rest of Europe and the world.
  • It is not a case of holding back prosperous areas like the London--Greater South East region in order to promote activity in the less prosperous cities and regions of the country.
  • And this means that there is a need to examine whether and to what extent economic, financial and political power is too concentrated in London; whether the 'economic playing field', far from being level, is too tilted in London's favour.
  • The impact of the crisis in Europe, for example, has exposed major divisions between those member states inside the monetary union, and those outside; and within the Eurozone itself, between the stronger more central regions, especially in Germany, and weaker more peripheral regions, such as in Italy and Greece (Fingleton, Garretsen and Martin, 2014) .
  • Spatial economic imbalances are a prominent feature of many countries, and in some cases have widened in recent years.

2. Spatial Imbalance in the UK Economy: The Rediscovery of a Long--Standing Problem

  • In short, what the authors need is they need an 'evolutionary--historical geographical political economy' within which their various partial theories and explanatory schemas could be given coherence and focus.
  • Rather, my aim is to stimulate debate and discussion around this issue, and hopefully others will take up the challenge.
  • An encompassing 'evolutionary-historical geographical political economy' could be deployed in various ways.
  • Alternatively, one could focus on just a particular region or city region, and conduct what the authors might call a 'total place' analysis, wherein they examine that region's or city's economy in all its multi--scalar detail, as a complex open system set within the relevant national and international networks and structures to which it relates and with which it interacts.
  • Choosing such contrastive comparisons carefully might even give us a means of undertaking 'what--if' and 'counterfactual' type enquiries.

6. Whither Spatial Rebalancing?

  • 21 The first experiment to revive the depressed northern areas of Britain was the Industrial Transference Scheme, initiated in 1928.
  • This 'move workers to the work' policy sought to move unemployed workers from the structurally declining coalfields in northern regions to employment opportunities in the more prosperous south.
  • As Lord Heseltine argued back in the mid--1980s, and has voiced strongly again only recently (Heseltine, 2013) , the UK's highly centralized system of Government spending and political control has long militated against the regions and cities outside London, in effect acting as a 'counter--regional policy'.
  • But that political art requires a convincing and relevant conceptual and empirical foundation.
  • Regional studies may have moved closer to addressing specific policy relevant issues -how to promote local clusters, regional innovation, better supply networks, and so on --but it is still at considerable remove from tackling the really big question of 'combined and uneven regional development' in their crisis--prone, globalising age.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has quickly established itself as one of the latest ‘fads' in entrepreneurship research as discussed by the authors, however, its lack of specification and conceptual limitations has undoubtedly hindered our understanding of these complex organisms.
Abstract: The concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has quickly established itself as one of the latest ‘fads’ in entrepreneurship research. At face value, this kind of systemic approach to entrepreneurship offers a new and distinctive path for scholars and policy makers to help understand and foster growth-oriented entrepreneurship. However, its lack of specification and conceptual limitations has undoubtedly hindered our understanding of these complex organisms. Indeed, the rapid adoption of the concept has tended to overlook the heterogeneous nature of ecosystems. This paper provides a critical review and conceptualisation of the ecosystems concept: it unpacks the dynamics of the concept; outlines its theoretical limitations; measurement approaches and use in policy-making. It sets out a preliminary taxonomy of different archetypal ecosystems. The paper concludes that entrepreneurial ecosystems are a highly variegated, multi-actor and multi-scalar phenomenon, requiring bespoke policy interventions.

408 citations


Cites background from "Rebalancing the Spatial Economy: Th..."

  • ...In recent years, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) has become the latest conceptual ‘fad’ (Martin, 2015) seeking to help explain the dynamics of these entrepreneurial ‘spiky bits’ (Neck et al., 2004; Isenberg, 2011; Mason and Brown, 2014; WEF, 2014; Stam, 2015)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a place-sensitive distributed development policy (PSDP) to promote opportunity in industrial declining and less-developed regions in Europe, which is called PLDP.
Abstract: Regional economic divergence has become a threat to economic progress, social cohesion and political stability in Europe. Market processes and policies that are supposed to spread prosperity and opportunity are no longer sufficiently effective. The evidence points to the existence of several different modes of regional economic performance in Europe, responding to different development challenges and opportunities. Both mainstream and heterodox theories have gaps in their ability to explain the existence of these different regional trajectories and the weakness of the convergence processes among them. Therefore, a different approach is required, one that strengthens Europe’s strongest regions but develops new approaches to promote opportunity in industrial declining and less-developed regions. There is ample new theory and evidence to support such an approach, which we have labelled ‘place-sensitive distributed development policy’.

378 citations


Cites background from "Rebalancing the Spatial Economy: Th..."

  • ...Spatial redistribution-cum-equity policies have also been weak in stimulating endogenous development in other parts of Europe, such as the Italian Mezzogiorno (Polverari, 2013) or, more recently, in the UK (Martin, 2015)....

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  • ...This definition of ‘equity-based’ policies implies some kind of forced ‘spatial rebalancing’, whereby the development of low- and middle-income regions is a consequence of attracting development away from high-income areas (Martin, 2015)....

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Abstract: Table of contents for spaces of global capitalism, david harvey wikipedia, spaces of global capitalism territorial masquerades, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, introduction the new international division of labour and, staff view spaces of global capitalism, editions of spaces of global capitalism a theory of, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, david harvey is distinguished professor of anthropology, spaces of neoliberalization towards a theory of uneven, david harveys theory of uneven geographical development, david harvey lecture cornell youtube, download pdf spaces of global capitalism a theory of, david harvey spaces of global capitalism towards a, project muse spaces of global capitalism towards a, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, david harvey on global capitalism slideshare, spaces of global capitalism david harvey google books, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, amazon com customer reviews spaces of global capitalism, uneven and combined development amp world systems analysis, david harvey lecture at cornell part 1 of 10, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, verso, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, uneven development nature capital and the production of, spaces of neoliberalization towards a theory of uneven, impact of capitalism on global development, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, david harvey spaces of global capitalism towards a, david harvey space of global capitalism towards a theory, spaces of global capitalism a theory of uneven, uneven and combined development wikipedia, spaces of neoliberalization towards a theory of uneven, spaces of global capitalism towards a theory of uneven, review planet of slums spaces of global capitalism

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1942
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a history of the first half of the 20th century, from 1875 to 1914, of the First World War and the Second World War.
Abstract: Introduction. Part I: The Marxian Doctrine. Prologue. I. Marx the Prophet. II. Marx the Sociologist. III. Marx the Economist. IV Marx the Teacher. Part II: Can Capitalism Survive? Prologue. V. The Rate of Increase of Total Output. VI. Plausible Capitalism. VII. The Process of Creative Destruction. VIII. Monopolistics Practices. IX. Closed Season. X. The Vanishing of Investment Opportunity. XI. The Civilization of Capitalism. XII. Crumbling Walls. XIII. Growing Hostility. XIV. Decomposition. Part III: Can Socialism Work? XV. Clearing Decks. XVI. The Socialist Blueprint. XVII. Comparison of Blueprints. XVIII. The Human Element. XIX. Transition. Part IV: Socialism and Democracy. XX. The Setting of the Problem. XXI. The Classical Doctrine of Democracy. XXII. Another Theory of Democracy. XXIII. The Inference. Part V: A Historical Sketch of Socialist Parties. Prologue. XXIV. The Nonage. XXV. The Situation that Marx Faced. XXVI. From 1875 to 1914. XXVII. From the First to the Second World War. XXVIII. The Consequences of the Second World War. Preface to the First Edition, 1942. Preface to the Second Edition, 1946. Preface to the Third Edition, 1949. The March Into Socialism. Index.

16,667 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper developed a simple model that shows how a country can endogenously become differentiated into an industrialized core and an agricultural periphery, in which manufacturing firms tend to locate in the region with larger demand, but the location of demand itself depends on the distribution of manufacturing.
Abstract: This paper develops a simple model that shows how a country can endogenously become differentiated into an industrialized "core" and an agricultural "periphery." In order to realize scale economies while minimizing transport costs, manufacturing firms tend to locate in the region with larger demand, but the location of demand itself depends on the distribution of manufacturing. Emergence of a core-periphery pattern depends on transportation costs, economies of scale, and the share of manufacturing in national income. The study of economic geography-of the location of factors of production in space-occupies a relatively small part of standard economic analysis. International trade theory, in particular, conventionally treats nations as dimensionless points (and frequently assumes zero transportation costs between countries as well). Admittedly, models descended from von Thunen (1826) play an important role in urban studies, while Hotelling-type models of locational competition get a reasonable degree of attention in industrial organization. On the whole, however, it seems fair to say that the study of economic geography plays at best a marginal role in economic theory. On the face of it, this neglect is surprising. The facts of economic geography are surely among the most striking features of real-world economies, at least to laymen. For example, one of the most remarkable things about the United States is that in a generally sparsely populated country, much of whose land is fertile, the bulk of the population resides in a few clusters of metropolitan areas; a quarter of the inhabitants are crowded into a not especially inviting section of the East Coast. It has often been noted that nighttime satellite

7,730 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the role of business in national economies and show that there is more than one path to economic success, and explain national differences in social and economic policy.
Abstract: What are the most important differences among national economies? Is globalization forcing nations to converge on an Anglo-American model? What explains national differences in social and economic policy? This pathbreaking work outlines a new approach to these questions. It highlights the role of business in national economies and shows that there is more than one path to economic success.

5,778 citations

Book
27 Jul 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the data collected by the data collection system by using the information gathered from the data set of the user's profile.
Abstract: Книга «Пространственная экономика – города, регионы и международная торговля» рассматривает экономику с точки зрения экономической географии – через определение, где и почему развился тот или иной вид экономической деятельности. Это новая глава в развитии экономической географии. Авторами предлагаются новые методы для моделирования, получившие начало в теориях экономического роста, международной торговли и промышленной организации. Более того, через многофакторный анализ «эффект повышения отдачи - транспортные издержки - движение продуктивных факторов» открываются возможности для новой экономической географии при решении проблем в городской, региональной и международной экономике.

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"Rebalancing the Spatial Economy: Th..." refers background in this paper

  • ...(FUJITA et al., 1999, p. 345) Whilst, as I have argued above, it is working this tension far too hard to expect it to provide a full, historically informed and contextualized explanation of uneven regional development, the lack of any integrative framework or principles in regional studies is just…...

    [...]

Frequently Asked Questions (1)
Q1. What is the author’s work on the Triumph of the South?

 P.  (2007)  The  Triumph  of  the  South:  A  Regional  Economic  History  of  Early   Twentieth  Century  Britain,  Farnham:  Ashgate,  Setterfield,  M  (1997)  Rapid  Growth  and  Relative  Decline,  London:  Macmillan.