Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines physico-chemical requirements necessary to achieve stimuli-responsiveness in heterogeneous polymer networks as well as discusses recent developments and future trends while individual structural components of polymeric networks are responsible for localized chainresponsiveness, desirable spatial and energetic network properties are necessary for collective and orchestrated responsiveness to external or internal stimuli.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2010-01-01. It has received 866 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The emergence of a new trend in the design of adaptive materials that involves the use of reversible chemistry to programme a response that originates at the most fundamental (molecular) level is described.
Abstract: In chemistry, some dynamic bonds can be selectively and reversibly broken and reformed in response to an environmental stimulus. This Review article discusses the incorporation of dynamic bonds, or interactions, in polymeric materials and the structural changes and macroscopic responses observed in the presence of different stimuli.
1,226 citations
TL;DR: This review outlines the recent advances in the field of self-healing polymers, and the primary classes are the covalent bonding, supramolecular assemblies, ionic interactions, chemo-mechanical self- healing, and shape memory polymers.
Abstract: Inspired by nature, self-healing materials represent the forefront of recent developments in materials chemistry and engineering. This review outlines the recent advances in the field of self-healing polymers. The first part discusses thermodynamic requirements for self-healing networks in the context of conformation changes that contribute to the Gibbs free energy. The chain flexibility significantly contributes to the entropy changes, whereas the heat of reaction and the external energy input are the main contributors to enthalpy changes. The second part focuses on chemical reactions that lead to self-healing, and the primary classes are the covalent bonding, supramolecular assemblies, ionic interactions, chemo-mechanical self-healing, and shape memory polymers. The third part outlines recent advances using encapsulation, remote self-healing and the role of shape memory polymers. Recent developments in the field of self-healing polymers undeniably indicate that the main challenge will be the designing of high glass transition (Tg) functional materials, which also exhibit stimuli-responsive attributes. Build-in controllable hierarchical heterogeneousness at various length scales capable of remote self-healing by physical and chemical responses will be essential in designing future materials of the 21st century.
1,061 citations
TL;DR: By highlighting recent examples of newly developed thermoresponsive polymer systems, it is hoped to promote the development of new generations of smart materials.
Abstract: Interest in thermoresponsive polymers has steadily grown over many decades, and a great deal of work has been dedicated to developing temperature sensitive macromolecules that can be crafted into new smart materials. However, the overwhelming majority of previously reported temperature-responsive polymers are based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), despite the fact that a wide range of other thermoresponsive polymers have demonstrated similar promise for the preparation of adaptive materials. Herein, we aim to highlight recent results that involve thermoresponsive systems that have not yet been as fully considered. Many of these (co)polymers represent clear opportunities for advancements in emerging biomedical and materials fields due to their increased biocompatibility and tuneable response. By highlighting recent examples of newly developed thermoresponsive polymer systems, we hope to promote the development of new generations of smart materials.
1,046 citations
TL;DR: Progress in new shape memory enabling mechanisms and triggering methods, variations of in shape memory forms (shape memory surfaces, hydrogels, and microparticles), newshape memory behavior (multi-SME and two-way-S ME), and novel fabrication methods are reviewed.
1,020 citations
TL;DR: An up-to-date review on shape memory polymer composites with potential applications in biomedical devices, aerospace, textiles, civil engineering, bionics engineering, energy, electronic engineering, and household products is presented.
981 citations
References
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TL;DR: Examination of apatite formation on a material in SBF is useful for predicting the in vivo bone bioactivity of a material, and the number of animals used in and the duration of animal experiments can be reduced remarkably by using this method.
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TL;DR: When considering new sensory technologies one should look to nature for guidance, as living organisms have developed the ultimate chemical sensors.
Abstract: When considering new sensory technologies one should look to nature for guidance. Indeed, living organisms have developed the ultimate chemical sensors. Many insects can detect chemical signals with perfect specificity and incredible sensitivity. Mammalian olfaction is based on an array of less discriminating sensors and a memorized response pattern to identify a unique odor. It is important to recognize that the extraordinary sensory performance of biological systems does not originate from a single element. In actuality, their performance is derived from a completely interactive system wherein the receptor is served by analyte delivery and removal mechanisms, selectivity is derived from receptors, and sensitivity is the result of analyte-triggered biochemical cascades. Clearly, optimal artificial sensory sys-
3,464 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1926
TL;DR: Alfaro et al. as discussed by the authors conservado en la Biblioteca del Campus de Mostoles de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (sign. 530.12 EIN INV).
Abstract: Original conservado en la Biblioteca del Campus de Mostoles de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (sign. 530.12 EIN INV).
2,469 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light.
Abstract: Miniaturizing a simple photomechanical system could expand its range of applications. Polymer solutions and solids that contain light-sensitive molecules can undergo photo-contraction, whereby light energy is converted into mechanical energy1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Here we show that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light. This striking photomechanical effect results from a photoselective volume contraction and may be useful in the development of high-speed actuators for microscale or nanoscale applications, for example in microrobots in medicine or optical microtweezers.
1,887 citations
01 Jan 1956
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