Recent advances in carbon nanomaterial-optimized perovskite solar cells
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive overview of extraordinary and notable efforts in implementing different carbon materials into individual function layers of perovskite device structure to simultaneously enhance their device efficiency and operating stability is presented.
About: This article is published in Materials Today Energy.The article was published on 2021-09-01. It has received 17 citations till now.
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01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the function of carbon nanotubes as both the anode and the cathode in perovskite solar cells was demonstrated, and the structure was simplified to achieve entirely solution-processable perovskiy solar cells.
Abstract: Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have received much attention because they achieve high power conversion efficiencies while providing the advantages of thin-film solar cells, namely, solution processability and potentially low fabrication costs. However, at the current level of halide perovskite solar cell technology, these advantages cannot be maximized because of structural and material limitations. Here, we provide a solution to these problems by replacing conventional metal and metal oxide electrodes with carbon nanotube electrodes. We also simplified the structure to achieve entirely solution-processable perovskite solar cells. Through this study, we demonstrate the function of carbon nanotubes as both the anode and the cathode in perovskite solar cells. Economic modeling suggests that this novel architecture reduces costs dramatically. This work realizes innovations in the materials, costs, and processing of inverted-type perovskite solar cells.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a facile and effective doping engineering approach based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was introduced for the modification of the SnO 2 /ZnO bilayer electron transport layer (ETL).
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fabrication and characterization of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells incorporated with MABr, formamidinium bromide (FABr), and decaphenylcyclopentasilane (DPPS) was performed.
Abstract: Fabrication and characterization of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells incorporated with methylammonium bromide (MABr), formamidinium bromide (FABr), and decaphenylcyclopentasilane (DPPS) were performed. Additive effect of MABr or FABr into the perovskite layers inserted with DPPS as hole-transporting layer was investigated. Addition of 5% MABr or FABr into the perovskite layer improved the short-circuit current density, shunt resistance, and open-circuit voltages, which depended on the uniform morphologies while suppressing defects and pinholes in the perovskite layer. The stabilities of the photovoltaic performance depended on the degree of incorporation of MABr or FABr with the DPPS layer, which suppressed decomposition in the perovskite layer.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a nitrogen-rich carbon quantum dot (CQD)-embedded nanotubes (CCNTs) with freeze-dried urea and CQD precursors were used as efficient light harvesters in QDSCs for the first time.
10 citations
TL;DR: An excellent hydrogen gas sensor based on the WO3-CoO nanohybrids (WCNHs) heterojunction structure has been successfully fabricated in this paper, which showed superior sensitivity, admirable selectivity as well as excellent long-term stability for target gas.
7 citations
References
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TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Abstract: THE synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C60 and other fullerenes1 has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes. Produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis, the needles grow at the negative end of the electrode used for the arc discharge. Electron microscopy reveals that each needle comprises coaxial tubes of graphitic sheets, ranging in number from 2 up to about 50. On each tube the carbon-atom hexagons are arranged in a helical fashion about the needle axis. The helical pitch varies from needle to needle and from tube to tube within a single needle. It appears that this helical structure may aid the growth process. The formation of these needles, ranging from a few to a few tens of nanometres in diameter, suggests that engineering of carbon structures should be possible on scales considerably greater than those relevant to the fullerenes. On 7 November 1991, Sumio Iijima announced in Nature the preparation of nanometre-size, needle-like tubes of carbon — now familiar as 'nanotubes'. Used in microelectronic circuitry and microscopy, and as a tool to test quantum mechanics and model biological systems, nanotubes seem to have unlimited potential.
39,086 citations
TL;DR: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells, which exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors.
Abstract: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, were found to efficiently sensitize TiO2 for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO2 films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH3NH3PbI3-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH3NH3PbBr3-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.
16,634 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that micrometre-size sensors made from graphene are capable of detecting individual events when a gas molecule attaches to or detaches from graphene's surface.
Abstract: The ultimate aim of any detection method is to achieve such a level of sensitivity that individual quanta of a measured entity can be resolved. In the case of chemical sensors, the quantum is one atom or molecule. Such resolution has so far been beyond the reach of any detection technique, including solid-state gas sensors hailed for their exceptional sensitivity1, 2, 3, 4. The fundamental reason limiting the resolution of such sensors is fluctuations due to thermal motion of charges and defects5, which lead to intrinsic noise exceeding the sought-after signal from individual molecules, usually by many orders of magnitude. Here, we show that micrometre-size sensors made from graphene are capable of detecting individual events when a gas molecule attaches to or detaches from graphene's surface. The adsorbed molecules change the local carrier concentration in graphene one by one electron, which leads to step-like changes in resistance. The achieved sensitivity is due to the fact that graphene is an exceptionally low-noise material electronically, which makes it a promising candidate not only for chemical detectors but also for other applications where local probes sensitive to external charge, magnetic field or mechanical strain are required.
7,318 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that perovskite absorbers can function at the highest efficiencies in simplified device architectures, without the need for complex nanostructures.
Abstract: Many different photovoltaic technologies are being developed for large-scale solar energy conversion. The wafer-based first-generation photovoltaic devices have been followed by thin-film solid semiconductor absorber layers sandwiched between two charge-selective contacts and nanostructured (or mesostructured) solar cells that rely on a distributed heterojunction to generate charge and to transport positive and negative charges in spatially separated phases. Although many materials have been used in nanostructured devices, the goal of attaining high-efficiency thin-film solar cells in such a way has yet to be achieved. Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged as a promising material for high-efficiency nanostructured devices. Here we show that nanostructuring is not necessary to achieve high efficiencies with this material: a simple planar heterojunction solar cell incorporating vapour-deposited perovskite as the absorbing layer can have solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies of over 15 per cent (as measured under simulated full sunlight). This demonstrates that perovskite absorbers can function at the highest efficiencies in simplified device architectures, without the need for complex nanostructures.
7,018 citations
TL;DR: A bilayer architecture comprising the key features of mesoscopic and planar structures obtained by a fully solution-based process is reported, providing important progress towards the understanding of the role of solution-processing in the realization of low-cost and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
Abstract: The performance of solar cells based on organic–inorganic perovskites strongly depends on the device architecture and processing conditions. It is now shown that solvent engineering enables the deposition of very dense perovskite layers on mesoporous titania, leading to photovoltaic devices with a high light-conversion efficiency and no hysteresis.
5,684 citations