Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in intergroup contact theory
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In this paper, a meta-analysis with 515 studies and more than 250,000 subjects demonstrates that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudice (mean r = −.21) and these effects typically generalize beyond the immediate outgroup members in the situation to the whole outgroup, other situations, and even to other outgroups not involved in the contact.About:
This article is published in International Journal of Intercultural Relations.The article was published on 2011-05-01. It has received 1050 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Contact hypothesis & Outgroup.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination
Graham Thornicroft,Nisha Mehta,Sarah Clement,Sara Evans-Lacko,Mary K. Doherty,Diana Rose,Mirja Koschorke,Rahul Shidhaye,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire Henderson +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma-related knowledge and attitudes in the short term, however, the evidence for longer-term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak.
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health related stigma and discrimination: narrative overview
Graham Thornicroft,Nisha Mehta,Sarah Clement,Sara Evans-Lacko,Mary K. Doherty,Diana Rose,Mirja Koschorke,Rahul Shidhaye,Claire L. O’Reilly,Claire Henderson +9 more
Abstract: Stigma and discrimination in relation to mental illnesses have been described as having worse consequences than the conditions themselves. Most medical literature in this area of research has been descriptive and has focused on attitudes towards people with mental illness rather than on interventions to reduce stigma. In this narrative Review, we summarise what is known globally from published systematic reviews and primary data on effective interventions intended to reduce mental-illness-related stigma or discrimination. The main findings emerging from this narrative overview are that: (1) at the population level there is a fairly consistent pattern of short-term benefits for positive attitude change, and some lesser evidence for knowledge improvement; (2) for people with mental illness, some group-level anti-stigma inventions show promise and merit further assessment; (3) for specific target groups, such as students, social-contact-based interventions usually achieve short-term (but less clearly long-term) attitudinal improvements, and less often produce knowledge gains; (4) this is a heterogeneous field of study with few strong study designs with large sample sizes; (5) research from low-income and middle-income countries is conspicuous by its relative absence; (6) caution needs to be exercised in not overgeneralising lessons from one target group to another; (7) there is a clear need for studies with longer-term follow-up to assess whether initial gains are sustained or attenuated, and whether booster doses of the intervention are needed to maintain progress; (8) few studies in any part of the world have focused on either the service user's perspective of stigma and discrimination or on the behaviour domain of behavioural change, either by people with or without mental illness in the complex processes of stigmatisation. We found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma-related knowledge and attitudes in the short term. However, the evidence for longer-term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak. In view of the magnitude of challenges that result from mental health stigma and discrimination, a concerted effort is needed to fund methodologically strong research that will provide robust evidence to support decisions on investment in interventions to reduce stigma.
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Beyond prejudice: are negative evaluations the problem and is getting us to like one another more the solution?
TL;DR: Has the time come to challenge the assumption that negative evaluations are inevitably the cognitive and affective hallmarks of discrimination?
Journal ArticleDOI
The contact hypothesis re-evaluated
TL;DR: This paper evaluated the state of contact hypothesis research from a policy perspective and found that contact typically reduces prejudice, with interventions directed at ethnic or racial prejudice generating substantially weaker effects than noninteraction.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Contact Hypothesis Re-evaluated
TL;DR: The authors evaluated the state of contact hypothesis research from a policy perspective and found that contact's effects vary, with interventions directed at ethnic or racial prejudice generating substantially weaker effects than those aimed at ethnic bias.
References
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Book
The Nature of Prejudice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dynamics of prejudgment, including: Frustration, Aggression and Hatred, Anxiety, Sex, and Guilt, Demagogy, and Tolerant Personality.
Book
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research
TL;DR: A survey drawn from social science research which deals with correlational, ex post facto, true experimental, and quasi-experimental designs and makes methodological recommendations is presented in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.
TL;DR: The meta-analysis finds that intergroup contact typically reduces intergroup prejudice, and this result suggests that contact theory, devised originally for racial and ethnic encounters, can be extended to other groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.
TL;DR: The exposure-attitude hypothesis as discussed by the authors suggests that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it, i.e., exposure is meant a condition making the stimulus accessible to the individual's perception.
Book
Meta-analytic procedures for social research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define research results, retrieve and assess research results and compare and combine research results to combine probabilities, and evaluate meta-analytic procedures and meta-Analytic results.