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Book ChapterDOI

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment

TL;DR: In this paper, the use of semiconducting nanoparticles for wastewater treatment is discussed, and the role of nanomaterials in adsorption techniques (specifically, carbon-based nanoadsorbents) is discussed in detail.
Abstract: Developing an efficient wastewater treatment technique is one of the major necessities of the twenty-first century, owing to the scarcity of water resources. Besides, it is of paramount important to find appropriate methodologies to economically treat wastewater. Recent advances in nanotechnology have attracted the attention of many researchers for wastewater treatment. The major advantages of such nanomaterial-based systems are that they can be reused and have been found to be very effective. Though many research works have been reported in this regard, there is very limited collective information. Hence, the major objective of this work is to describe recent achievements in nanomaterial-based systems for wastewater treatment. This chapter critically reviews and lists the uses of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment. This comprises the utilization of semiconducting nanoparticles either alone or combined with ozonation, the Fenton process, or sonolysis for effective degradation/removal of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the effectiveness of nanotechnology in antimicrobial activity to produce pure water via an eco-friendly route is discussed. Similarly, the role of nanomaterials in adsorption techniques (specifically, carbon-based nanoadsorbents) to remove heavy metal contamination from industrial wastewater is also discussed in detail.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review emphasises advances in nanotechnology and their respective kinetics, different reaction-based models for wastewater treatment, and discusses several nano-material based approaches employed in wastewater treatment deliberated in this manuscript.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Abstract: Abstract Nanotechnology has emerged as an extraordinary and rapidly developing discipline of science. It has remolded the fate of the whole world by providing diverse horizons in different fields. Nanomaterials are appealing because of their incredibly small size and large surface area. Apart from the naturally occurring nanomaterials, synthetic nanomaterials are being prepared on large scales with different sizes and properties. Such nanomaterials are being utilized as an innovative and green approach in multiple fields. To expand the applications and enhance the properties of the nanomaterials, their functionalization and engineering are being performed on a massive scale. The functionalization helps to add to the existing useful properties of the nanomaterials, hence broadening the scope of their utilization. A large class of covalent and non-covalent functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) including carbons, metal oxides, quantum dots, and composites of these materials with other organic or inorganic materials are being synthesized and used for environmental remediation applications including wastewater treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of FNMs in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater. Future prospects are also examined, along with suggestions for attaining massive benefits in the areas of FNMs.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the SrTiO3/rGO@Ag composites, followed by decorating the surface with Ag particles by using the photodeposition process.
Abstract: Understanding the graphene/semiconductor/metal interactions is crucial to design innovative photocatalytic materials with efficient photocatalytic activity for environmental cleanup applications. SrTiO3 on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various graphene contents was successfully synthesized in this study utilizing a simple hydrothermal method, followed by decorating the surface with Ag particles by using the photodeposition process. Under UV-visible light irradiation, the resulting composites were tested for their improved photocatalytic activity to decompose methylene blue (MB). The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, DLS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and DRS. First-principle density functional theory calculations (DFT) were also carried out by using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and PBE functional with the addition of on-site Coulomb correction (GGA + U). The obtained SrTiO3/rGO@Ag composites showed great improvement in the photocatalytic performances over pristine SrTiO3. For the degradation reaction of MB, SrTiO3/rGO20%@Ag4% composites yielded the best photocatalytic activity with efficacy reach 94%, which was also shown that it could be recycled up to four times with nearly unchanged photocatalytic activity.

4 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the latest technologies which are available right now using the chalcogenides nanomaterials, as catalysts, remediation of various environmental contaminants, and their role in treating contaminated water including organic contaminants degradation alongside bacterial disinfection.
Abstract: Nowadays pollution is a major concern for human mankind. As the generations are passing by, the more the worse it is getting to protect the environment. Every part of the environment is being contaminated due and in reverse, the humans and the other living being getting affected due to the consequences done by humans. Even though there are several technologies available to protect the environment still we find some voids to fill in and in this process, new technology evolves in. Water pollution is also considered to be one of the most ghastly situations, where economic development, rapid industrialization and even the population overgrowth is playing a key role. Due to rapid growth the release of several organic as well as inorganic substances into the environment, this is further leading to environmental pollution as well as the contamination of water. Because of this, combining nanotechnology in wastewater treatment will improve the quality of water. The major advantage of using the nanoparticles is they possess unique characteristics and have a high surface area where the unwanted particles get absorbed in these nanoparticles and get removed from them because of their high surface area. It can also be used for removing toxic substances. In this chapter, we discuss the latest technologies, which are available right now using the chalcogenides nanomaterials. Like, to disinfect the bacterial communities in wastewater, aspects of chalcogenide nanomaterials, as catalysts, remediation of various environmental contaminants, and their role in treating the contaminated water including organic contaminants degradation alongside bacterial disinfection.

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
20 Mar 2008-Nature
TL;DR: Some of the science and technology being developed to improve the disinfection and decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supplies through the safe re-use of wastewater and efficient desalination of sea and brackish water are highlighted.
Abstract: One of the most pervasive problems afflicting people throughout the world is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Problems with water are expected to grow worse in the coming decades, with water scarcity occurring globally, even in regions currently considered water-rich. Addressing these problems calls out for a tremendous amount of research to be conducted to identify robust new methods of purifying water at lower cost and with less energy, while at the same time minimizing the use of chemicals and impact on the environment. Here we highlight some of the science and technology being developed to improve the disinfection and decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supplies through the safe re-use of wastewater and efficient desalination of sea and brackish water.

6,967 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.

6,844 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The status of graphene research is presented, which includes aspects related to synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties.
Abstract: Every few years, a new material with unique properties emerges and fascinates the scientific community, typical recent examples being high-temperature superconductors and carbon nanotubes. Graphene is the latest sensation with unusual properties, such as half-integer quantum Hall effect and ballistic electron transport. This two-dimensional material which is the parent of all graphitic carbon forms is strictly expected to comprise a single layer, but there is considerable interest in investigating two-layer and few-layer graphenes as well. Synthesis and characterization of graphenes pose challenges, but there has been considerable progress in the last year or so. Herein, we present the status of graphene research which includes aspects related to synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties.

3,513 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Aug 2006-Science
TL;DR: There are three scientific challenges in addressing water-quality problems caused by micropollutants, and usage and disposal strategies should aim to minimize introduction of critical pollutants into the aquatic environment.
Abstract: The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical compounds is one of the key environmental problems facing humanity. Although most of these compounds are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable toxicological concerns, particularly when present as components of complex mixtures. Here we review three scientific challenges in addressing water-quality problems caused by such micropollutants. First, tools to assess the impact of these pollutants on aquatic life and human health must be further developed and refined. Second, cost-effective and appropriate remediation and water-treatment technologies must be explored and implemented. Third, usage and disposal strategies, coupled with the search for environmentally more benign products and processes, should aim to minimize introduction of critical pollutants into the aquatic environment.

2,951 citations