Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment
01 Jan 2019-pp 21-58
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of semiconducting nanoparticles for wastewater treatment is discussed, and the role of nanomaterials in adsorption techniques (specifically, carbon-based nanoadsorbents) is discussed in detail.
Abstract: Developing an efficient wastewater treatment technique is one of the major necessities of the twenty-first century, owing to the scarcity of water resources. Besides, it is of paramount important to find appropriate methodologies to economically treat wastewater. Recent advances in nanotechnology have attracted the attention of many researchers for wastewater treatment. The major advantages of such nanomaterial-based systems are that they can be reused and have been found to be very effective. Though many research works have been reported in this regard, there is very limited collective information. Hence, the major objective of this work is to describe recent achievements in nanomaterial-based systems for wastewater treatment. This chapter critically reviews and lists the uses of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment. This comprises the utilization of semiconducting nanoparticles either alone or combined with ozonation, the Fenton process, or sonolysis for effective degradation/removal of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the effectiveness of nanotechnology in antimicrobial activity to produce pure water via an eco-friendly route is discussed. Similarly, the role of nanomaterials in adsorption techniques (specifically, carbon-based nanoadsorbents) to remove heavy metal contamination from industrial wastewater is also discussed in detail.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review emphasises advances in nanotechnology and their respective kinetics, different reaction-based models for wastewater treatment, and discusses several nano-material based approaches employed in wastewater treatment deliberated in this manuscript.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Abstract: Abstract Nanotechnology has emerged as an extraordinary and rapidly developing discipline of science. It has remolded the fate of the whole world by providing diverse horizons in different fields. Nanomaterials are appealing because of their incredibly small size and large surface area. Apart from the naturally occurring nanomaterials, synthetic nanomaterials are being prepared on large scales with different sizes and properties. Such nanomaterials are being utilized as an innovative and green approach in multiple fields. To expand the applications and enhance the properties of the nanomaterials, their functionalization and engineering are being performed on a massive scale. The functionalization helps to add to the existing useful properties of the nanomaterials, hence broadening the scope of their utilization. A large class of covalent and non-covalent functionalized nanomaterials (FNMs) including carbons, metal oxides, quantum dots, and composites of these materials with other organic or inorganic materials are being synthesized and used for environmental remediation applications including wastewater treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, reporting techniques, and applications of FNMs in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of pollutants from wastewater. Future prospects are also examined, along with suggestions for attaining massive benefits in the areas of FNMs.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the SrTiO3/rGO@Ag composites, followed by decorating the surface with Ag particles by using the photodeposition process.
Abstract: Understanding the graphene/semiconductor/metal interactions is crucial to design innovative photocatalytic materials with efficient photocatalytic activity for environmental cleanup applications. SrTiO3 on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various graphene contents was successfully synthesized in this study utilizing a simple hydrothermal method, followed by decorating the surface with Ag particles by using the photodeposition process. Under UV-visible light irradiation, the resulting composites were tested for their improved photocatalytic activity to decompose methylene blue (MB). The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, DLS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and DRS. First-principle density functional theory calculations (DFT) were also carried out by using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and PBE functional with the addition of on-site Coulomb correction (GGA + U). The obtained SrTiO3/rGO@Ag composites showed great improvement in the photocatalytic performances over pristine SrTiO3. For the degradation reaction of MB, SrTiO3/rGO20%@Ag4% composites yielded the best photocatalytic activity with efficacy reach 94%, which was also shown that it could be recycled up to four times with nearly unchanged photocatalytic activity.
4 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the latest technologies which are available right now using the chalcogenides nanomaterials, as catalysts, remediation of various environmental contaminants, and their role in treating contaminated water including organic contaminants degradation alongside bacterial disinfection.
Abstract: Nowadays pollution is a major concern for human mankind. As the generations are passing by, the more the worse it is getting to protect the environment. Every part of the environment is being contaminated due and in reverse, the humans and the other living being getting affected due to the consequences done by humans. Even though there are several technologies available to protect the environment still we find some voids to fill in and in this process, new technology evolves in. Water pollution is also considered to be one of the most ghastly situations, where economic development, rapid industrialization and even the population overgrowth is playing a key role. Due to rapid growth the release of several organic as well as inorganic substances into the environment, this is further leading to environmental pollution as well as the contamination of water. Because of this, combining nanotechnology in wastewater treatment will improve the quality of water. The major advantage of using the nanoparticles is they possess unique characteristics and have a high surface area where the unwanted particles get absorbed in these nanoparticles and get removed from them because of their high surface area. It can also be used for removing toxic substances. In this chapter, we discuss the latest technologies, which are available right now using the chalcogenides nanomaterials. Like, to disinfect the bacterial communities in wastewater, aspects of chalcogenide nanomaterials, as catalysts, remediation of various environmental contaminants, and their role in treating the contaminated water including organic contaminants degradation alongside bacterial disinfection.
3 citations
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the application of chitosan, cellulose and their respective derivatives for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions is presented, focusing on the most effective adsorbents for removing heavy metal ion from waste water.
Abstract: Rapid industrialization and modernization have introduced substantial amounts of toxic heavy metals into the aquatic and terrestrial environment which possess a serious threat to the flora and fauna. In recent years, considerable research work has been done and is currently underway on a number of natural biopolymers and their modifications to remove different kinds of heavy metal ions. Chitosan and cellulose, both naturally occurring polysaccharides are the most effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. This review is aimed to provide relevant and recent information on the application of chitosan, cellulose and their respective derivatives for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions. INTRODUCTION: Majority of industries and mainly the mining operations, tanneries and metal plating play a vital role in contaminating the environment with heavy metals 1 . Heavy metals particularly mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) have lethal effects on all forms of life even at low concentrations. Various methods including chemical precipitation 2 , nano filtration 3 , solvent extraction 4 , ion exchange 5 , reverse osmosis 6 and adsorption 7 have been extensively studied in recent decade to decontaminate the polluted waters. Out of all these methods, adsorption is particularly attracting scientific focus mainly because of its high efficiency, low cost, easy handling and high availability of different adsorbents.
102 citations
TL;DR: The introduced CuOx significantly enhanced the photocatalytic and Fenton-like performance of ZnFe2O4 and a possible pathway for Orange II degradation was proposed according to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry result.
Abstract: A series of CuOx-decorated ZnFe2O4 samples were prepared by a hydrothermal method and investigated as a catalyst for the photocatalytic and Fenton-like degradation of Orange II. The active species and catalyst active sites in the two processes were also studied. It was found that the introduced CuOx significantly enhanced the photocatalytic and Fenton-like performance of ZnFe2O4. Especially, ZnFe2O4-Cu3 prepared with the Cu/Zn ratio of 3:7 exhibited a very high Fenton-like activity in the pH range 5-9. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4-Cu3 could be because the formed ZnFe2O4/Cu2O heterojunction improved the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. The photogenerated hole was responsible for Orange II degradation. As for the Fenton-like reaction, •O2- was the active species, and the surface ≡Cu2+ with a higher redox ability should be the active site for H2O2 activation despite its lower surface content than that of ≡Cu+, ≡Fe2+, and ≡Fe3+. Finally, a possible pathway for Orange II degradation was proposed according to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry result.
101 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that PCO disinfection efficiency could be enhanced by acidic pH levels and increased temperatures, while different growth phases demonstrated diverse effects to the studied bacteria, probably due to their morphological difference or change in physiological state.
98 citations