Recent advances in pulsed-laser deposition of complex oxides
TL;DR: Detailed growth kinetics results are discussed, which illustrate that 'true' layer-by-layer (LBL) growth can only be approached, not fully met, even though many characterization techniques reveal interfaces with unexpected sharpness.
Abstract: Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is one of the most promising techniques for the formation of complex-oxide heterostructures, superlattices, and well controlled interfaces. The first part of this paper presents a review of several useful modifications of the process, including methods inspired by combinatorial approaches. We then discuss detailed growth kinetics results, which illustrate that 'true' layer-by-layer (LBL) growth can only be approached, not fully met, even though many characterization techniques reveal interfaces with unexpected sharpness. Time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction measurements show that crystallization and the majority of interlayer mass transport occur on timescales that are comparable to those of the plume/substrate interaction, providing direct experimental evidence that a growth regime exists in which non-thermal processes dominate PLD. This understanding shows how kinetic growth manipulation can bring PLD closer to ideal LBL than any other growth method available today.
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TL;DR: The growth and characterization of functional oxide thin films that are ferroelectric, magnetic, or both at the same time are reviewed in this article, where the evolution of synthesis techniques and how advances in in situ characterization have enabled significant acceleration in improvements to these materials are described.
Abstract: The growth and characterization of functional oxide thin films that are ferroelectric, magnetic, or both at the same time are reviewed. The evolution of synthesis techniques and how advances in in situ characterization have enabled significant acceleration in improvements to these materials are described. Methods for enhancing the properties of functional materials or creating entirely new functionality at interfaces are covered, including strain engineering and layering control at the atomic-layer level. Emerging applications of these functional oxides such as achieving electrical control of ferromagnetism and the future of these complex functional oxides is discussed.
583 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes and analyzes recent advances in materials concepts as well as in thin-film fabrication techniques for high- k gate dielectrics when integrated with FSE-compatible semiconductors such as organics, metal oxides, quantum dot arrays, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other 2D semiconductor types.
Abstract: Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics (FSE), a technology diverging from the conventional rigid silicon technology, have stimulated fundamental scientific and technological research efforts. FSE aims at enabling disruptive applications such as flexible displays, wearable sensors, printed RFID tags on packaging, electronics on skin/organs, and Internet-of-things as well as possibly reducing the cost of electronic device fabrication. Thus, the key materials components of electronics, the semiconductor, the dielectric, and the conductor as well as the passive (substrate, planarization, passivation, and encapsulation layers) must exhibit electrical performance and mechanical properties compatible with FSE components and products. In this review, we summarize and analyze recent advances in materials concepts as well as in thin-film fabrication techniques for high-k (or high-capacitance) gate dielectrics when integrated with FSE-compatible semiconductors such as organics, metal oxides, quantum...
459 citations
TL;DR: The required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted, and the opportunities for sulfide-based ASSLBs are discussed.
Abstract: All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered as the next generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high safety and energy density, simple packaging, and wide operable temperature range. The critical component in ASSLBs is the solid-state electrolyte. Among all solid-state electrolytes, the sulfide electrolytes have the highest ionic conductivity and favorable interface compatibility with sulfur-based cathodes. The ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes is comparable with or even higher than that of the commercial organic liquid electrolytes. However, several critical challenges for sulfide electrolytes still remain to be solved, including their narrow electrochemical stability window, the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, as well as lithium dendrite formation in the electrolytes. Herein, the emerging sulfide electrolytes and preparation methods are reviewed. In particular, the required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted. The opportunities for sulfide-based ASSLBs are also discussed.
293 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: An abstract should be a single paragraph containing 100-150 words that briefly states the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions and must be able to stand alone.
Abstract: A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should be a single paragraph containing 100-150 words that briefly states the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Graphical abstract Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site. Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements. Highlights Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). You can view example Highlights on our information site.
291 citations
TL;DR: The goal is to illustrate a close synergetic relationship between evolution of high-field magnets and advancement in superconductor technology.
Abstract: Recent progresses in the second generation REBa2Cu3O7 − x (RE123) coated conductor (CC) have paved a way for the development of superconducting solenoids capable of generating fields well above 23.5 T, i.e. the limit of NbTi−Nb3Sn-based magnets. However, the RE123 magnet still poses several fundamental and engineering challenges. In this work we review the state-of-the-art of conductor and magnet technologies. The goal is to illustrate a close synergetic relationship between evolution of high-field magnets and advancement in superconductor technology. The paper is organized in three parts: (1) the basics of RE123 CC fabrication technique, including latest developments to improve conductor performance and production throughput; (2) critical issues and innovative design concepts for the RE123-based magnet; and (3) an overview of noteworthy ongoing magnet projects.
204 citations
Cites background from "Recent advances in pulsed-laser dep..."
...The ablation of RE123 bulk material requires a laser fluence of 10–30 mJ mm [29, 30]: the target material is vaporized in a plasma plume and deposited on the substrate....
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: Pulsed laser deposition of high-temperature superconducting thin films for active and passive device applications is discussed in this article, with a focus on the commercial scale-up of Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: History and Fundamentals of Pulsed Laser Deposition (J. Cheung). Diagnostics and Characteristics of Laser--Produced Plasmas (D. Geohegan). Particulates Generated by Pulsed Laser Ablation (L.--C. Chen). Angular Distribution of Ablated Material (K. Saenger). Film Nucleation and Film Growth in Pulsed Laser Deposition of Ceramics (J. Horwitz & J. Sprague). Processes Characteristics and Film Properties in Pulsed Laser Plasma Deposition (S. Metev). Commercial Scale--Up of Pulsed Laser Deposition (J. Greer). Pulsed Laser Deposition: Future Trends (T. Venkatesan). Comparison of Vacuum Deposition Techniques (G. Hubler). Pulsed Laser Deposition of High--Temperature Superconducting Thin Films for Active and Passive Device Applications (R. Muenchausen & X. Wu). Pulsed Laser Deposition of Metals (J. Kools). Appendix. References. Index.
3,228 citations
"Recent advances in pulsed-laser dep..." refers background in this paper
... they possess a great number of interesting intrinsic properties [1]. However, the precise assembly of such layers into artificial superlattices requires atomic-scale control. Pulsed-laser deposition [2, 3, 4, 5], long known as the tool of choice for the growth of complex-oxide materials, has recently been applied to the growth of interfaces [6, 7] with a sharpness that was previously thought to be obtainable...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the surface diffusion of tungsten adatoms on several smooth, low-index planes of the Tungsten lattice has been followed by direct observation of individual atoms in the field-ion microscope.
Abstract: Surface diffusion of tungsten adatoms on several smooth, low‐index planes of the tungsten lattice has for the first time been followed by direct observation of individual atoms in the field‐ion microscope. Contrary to expectation, the mobility at room temperature is found to increase in the order (211) > (321) ∼ (110) > (310) ∼ (111). Migrating atoms are reflected at the boundaries of the (110), (211), and (321) planes; on the latter two, motion along atomic rows is favored over diffusion across lattice steps. From quantitative determinations of the rate of change of the mean‐square displacement, diffusion coefficients are obtained as follows: (110), D=3×10−2exp(−22 000/RT)cm2/sec; (321), 1×10−3exp(−20 000/RT); (211), 2×10−7exp(−13 000/RT). Differences in diffusion on the (211) and (321), planes of very similar structure, suggest a weakening of interatomic forces at lattice edges.
1,376 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that coalescence of steps or stabilization of step spacings can occur as a consequence of assuming that capture probabilities are directionally dependent, and a general solution for the time-dependent step distribution is obtained in terms of these probabilities and an arbitrary initial distribution of an infinite sequence of parallel steps.
Abstract: It is postulated that steps on crystal surfaces capture atoms diffusing on the surface with certain probabilities and, in addition, that the capture probability depends on the direction from which adsorbed atoms approach the step. A general solution for the time‐dependent step distribution is obtained in terms of these probabilities and an arbitrary initial distribution of an infinite sequence of parallel steps. It is shown that coalescence of steps or stabilization of step spacings can occur as a consequence of assuming that capture probabilities are directionally dependent. Some of the implications of the theoretical model are related to the growth of real crystal surfaces.
1,367 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first successful preparation of thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors using pulsed excimer laser evaporation of a single bulk material target in vacuum was reported.
Abstract: We report the first successful preparation of thin films of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O superconductors using pulsed excimer laser evaporation of a single bulk material target in vacuum. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry showed the composition of these films to be close to that of the bulk material. Growth rates were typically 0.1 nm per laser shot. After an annealing treatment in oxygen the films exhibited superconductivity with an onset at 95 K and zero resistance at 85 and 75 K on SrTiO3 and Al2O3 substrates, respectively. This new deposition method is relatively simple, very versatile, and does not require the use of ultrahigh vacuum techniques.
1,122 citations