Recent advances in the development of biomass gasification technology: A comprehensive review
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review on the technical advancements, developments of biomass gasification technology and the barriers being faced by different stakeholders in wide dissemination of the technology for day to day requirements of the society, followed by recommendations for policy makers to make this technology popular while serving the society.
Abstract: Due to fast climate change and foreseen damage through global warming, access to clean and green energy has become very much essential for the sustainable development of the society, globally. Biomass based energy is one of the important renewable energy resources to meet the day to day energy requirements and is as old as the human civilization. Biomass gasification is among few important aspects of bioenergy for producing heat, power and biofuels for useful applications. Despite, the availability of vast literature, technological and material advancements, the dissemination of gasification technology could not overcome the critical barriers for the widespread acceptability over the conventional energy resources. This article presents a comprehensive review on the technical advancements, developments of biomass gasification technology and the barriers being faced by different stakeholders in the wide dissemination of the technology for day to day requirements of the society, followed by recommendations for policy makers to make this technology popular while serving the society.
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TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of the leading disposal (volume reduction) and energy recovery routes such as anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and enhanced digestion using microbial fuel cell along with their comparative evaluation, to measure their suitability for different sludge compositions and resources availability.
463 citations
Cites methods from "Recent advances in the development ..."
...Comparative analysis of leading sludge treatment technologies [4, 14, 23, 70, 104, 121-125]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the main waste plastics valorization routes to produce syngas and H2 is presented, covering different gasification strategies and other novel alternative processes, such as pyrolysis and in-line catalytic steam reforming.
Abstract: The current review provides an assessment of the main waste plastics valorization routes to produce syngas and H2, thus covering different gasification strategies and other novel alternative processes, such as pyrolysis and in-line catalytic steam reforming The studies dealing with plastics gasification are in general scarce However, due to the knowledge acquired on biomass and coal gasification, the state of development of plastic gasification technologies is considerable and, in fact, several gasification studies have been performed at pilot scale units Air gasification is the most studied and developed strategy and pursues the production of a syngas for energy purposes In spite of the higher H2 content and heating value of the gas produced by steam gasification, this alternative faces significant challenges, such as the energy requirements of the process and the tar content in the syngas Moreover, the co-gasification of plastics with coal and biomass appears to be a promising valorization route due to the positive impact on process performance and greater process flexibility Other promising alternative is the pyrolysis and in-line reforming, which allows producing a syngas with high hydrogen content and totally free of tar
437 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review deals with the different reactor configurations, operating conditions and catalysts used in each process and compares the different alternatives in terms of H2 production, with emphasis placing on the advantages of the two-step strategy.
308 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of key operating parameters on the hydrogen concentration and calorific value of producer gas, energy and exergy efficiencies of the process and the exergy destruction rate at different operating conditions were evaluated.
279 citations
TL;DR: A review of the predominant biomass gasification technologies and biofuels obtained from syngas by bio-dieselification can be found in this article, where the authors present a review of these technologies.
Abstract: The production of biofuels from renewable sources is a major challenge in research. Methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether (DME), synthetic natural gas (SNG), and hydrogen can be produced from syngas which is the result of the gasification of biomasses. Syngas composition varies according to the gasification technology used (such as fixed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, entrained flow reactors), the feedstock characteristics, and the operating parameters. This paper presents a review of the predominant biomass gasification technologies and biofuels obtained from syngas by biomass gasification.
278 citations
Cites background from "Recent advances in the development ..."
...moisture content [25,32,34,35,40,41] ◦ By reducing moisture content, energy efficiency increases, syngas quality improves, syngas Higher Heating Value (HHV) increases, and conversion emissions decreases....
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...Their main drawbacks include a high content of tar in syngas as well as limited flexibility in loading and process operation [20,21,41]....
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...Downdraft gasifiers produce low-tar and low-particulate syngas [95] but their main drawbacks include a difficult control of temperature [24], moreover biomass with low moisture content (<20–25% w/w) [21,96] and with low ash content [97,98] is required, as well as homogeneity of biomass input [20,41]....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the costs and technologies involved in an integrated system for the production of electricity from biomass in general and wood in particular are reviewed, and the main conclusions are that wood handling, storage, drying, comminution and screening are well established and present no uncertainties in operation and performance.
992 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the principles, reactions, and applications of four fundamental thermo-chemical processes (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction) for bioenergy production, as well as recent developments in these technologies.
949 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an example of a Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier with a start-up procedure and control some operational problems and Remedies design of feed systems for BFB Bed Boiler.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Background Fluidized Bed Equipment Features of Fluidized Beds Fluidized Bed and Other Clean Coal Options HYDRODYNAMICS Regimes of Fluidization Fast Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamic Regimes in a CFB Hydrodynamic Structure of Fast Beds Gas-Solid Mixing Scale-Up FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION Types of Gasifiers Theory Effect of Operating Parameters on Gasification Effect of Feed Properties on Gasification Fluidized Bed Gasification Examples of Some Fluidized Bed Gasifiers Gas Cleaning Design Methods Modeling of Fluidized Bed Gasification Appendix 3A: Estimating Equilibrium Gas Composition Appendix 3B: An Example of a Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier COMBUSTION Stages of Combustion Factors Affecting Combustion Efficiency Combustion in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boilers Combustion in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Biomass Combustion EMISSIONS Air Pollution Sulfur Dioxide Emission Nitrogen Oxide Emission Nitrous Oxide Emission Mercury Emission Carbon Monoxide Emission Carbon Dioxide Emission Emission of Trace Organics Particulate Emission HEAT TRANSFER Gas-to-Particle Heat Transfer Heat Transfer in Circulating Fluidized Beds Heat Transfer in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Freeboard Heat Transfer in Bubbling Fluidized Beds Heat Transfer in Commercial-Size CFB Boilers BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER Description of a BFB Boiler Features of BFB Boilers Thermal Design of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boilers Combustion in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Furnace Design Start-Up Procedure and Control Some Operational Problems and Remedies Design of Feed Systems for BFB Bed Boiler CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED BOILER General Arrangement Types of CFB Boilers Non-CFB Solid Circulation Boilers Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Furnace Design of CFB Boilers Furnace Design Design of Heating Surfaces Auxiliary Power Consumption Control of CFB Boilers Supercritical CFB Boiler MATERIAL ISSUES Material Selection Criteria Erosion Potential Corrosion Potentials Steels Used in Fluidized Bed Boilers Refractory and Insulations Expansion Joints SOLID HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR FLUIDIZED BEDS Solid Handling Systems Biomass Handling Systems Feed System for Bubbling Beds Feed System for Circulating Fluidized Beds Design of Pneumatic Transport Lines for Solids AIR DISTRIBUTION GRATE Distributor Plates Operation of Distributors Design Methods Practical Considerations GAS-SOLID SEPARATORS Cyclones Impact Separator Inertial Separators SOLID RECYCLE SYSTEMS Types of Non-mechanical Valves Principles of Operation Design of Loop-Seal Design of L-Valve Practical Considerations Nomenclature References APPENDIX 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID PARTICLES APPENDIX 2: STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS APPENDIX 3: SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR SULFUR CAPTURE APPENDIX 4: TABLES OF DESIGN DATA
829 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results from a pilot-scale (6.5m tall × 0.1m diameter) air-blown circulating fluidized bed gasifier were compared with model predictions.
Abstract: This paper presents the results from biomass gasification tests in a pilot-scale (6.5-m tall × 0.1-m diameter) air-blown circulating fluidized bed gasifier, and compares them with model predictions. The operating temperature was maintained in the range 700–850°C, while the sawdust feed rate varied from 16 to 45 kg/h . Temperature, air ratio, suspension density, fly ash re-injection and steam injection were found to influence the composition and heating value of the product gas. Tar yield from the biomass gasification decreased exponentially with increasing operating temperature for the range studied. A non-stoichiometric equilibrium model based on direct minimization of Gibbs free energy was developed to predict the performance of the gasifier. Experimental evidence indicated that the pilot gasifier deviated from chemical equilibrium due to kinetic limitations. A phenomenological model adapted from the pure equilibrium model, incorporating experimental results regarding unconverted carbon and methane to account for non-equilibrium factors, predicts product gas compositions, heating value and cold gas efficiency in good agreement with the experimental data.
742 citations
TL;DR: A review of thermochemical biomass gasification for producing biofuels, biopower and chemicals can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the challenges with gasification are to understand the effects of operating conditions on gasification reactions for reliably predicting and optimizing the product compositions, and for obtaining maximal efficiencies.
Abstract: A review was conducted on the use of thermochemical biomass gasification for producing biofuels, biopower and chemicals. The upstream processes for gasification are similar to other biomass processing methods. However, challenges remain in the gasification and downstream processing for viable commercial applications. The challenges with gasification are to understand the effects of operating conditions on gasification reactions for reliably predicting and optimizing the product compositions, and for obtaining maximal efficiencies. Product gases can be converted to biofuels and chemicals such as Fischer-Tropsch fuels, green gasoline, hydrogen, dimethyl ether, ethanol, methanol, and higher alcohols. Processes and challenges for these conversions are also summarized.
740 citations