Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Derived Natural Coumarins and their Analogues as Anti Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Type 1 (HIV-1) Agents
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The aim of this review is to summarize research findings for herbal medicines, especially coumarins, which are endowed with the ability to inhibit HIV.Abstract:
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which leads to severe suppression of immune functions. AIDS is a real threat to the health of mankind, and the search for effective therapies is still of great importance. However, besides the high cost, there are adverse effects and limitations associated with chemotherapy applied. Thus, herbal medicines are frequently used as an alternative therapy by individuals living with HIV. Numerous plant-derived compounds have been evaluated for inhibitory effects on HIV replication, and many coumarins have been found to inhibit different steps in HIV replication cycle. The aim of this review is to summarize research findings for herbal medicines, especially coumarins, which are endowed with the ability to inhibit HIV.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum.
Yoel Kashman,Kirk R. Gustafson,Richard W. Fuller,John H. Cardellina,James B. McMahon,Michael J. Currens,Robert W. Buckheit,Stephen H. Hughes,Gordon M. Cragg,Michael R. Boyd +9 more
TL;DR: Calanolide A was active not only against the AZT-resistant G-9106 strain of HIV-1 but also against the pyridinone-resistant A17 strain, which was of particular interest since the A17 virus is highly resistant to previously known HIV- 1 specific, non-nucleoside RT inhibitors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant-Derived Leading Compounds for Chemotherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
TL;DR: Many compounds of plant origin that inhibit different stages in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been identified and only a very few of these plant-derived anti-HIV products have been used in a limited number of patients suffering from AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inophyllums, novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase isolated from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn
A D Patil,A J Freyer,D. S. Eggleston,R C Haltiwanger,M F Bean,P B Taylor,M J Caranfa,A L Breen,H R Bartus,Randall K. Johnson +9 more
TL;DR: As part of a search for novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the acetone extract of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, was shown to be active and 11 compounds of the inophyllum class were isolated, indicating certain structural requirements in the chromanol ring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-HIV coumarins from calophyllum seed oil
TL;DR: Calophyllum cerasiferum contained (-)-calanolide B as its major coumarin constituent in significant amount and thus constitute a renewable source of this compound.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis, chromatographic resolution, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of (±)-calanolide A and its enantiomers
Michael T. Flavin,John D. Rizzo,Albert Khilevich,Alla Kucherenko,Abram Kivovich Sheinkman,Vilayphone Vilaychack,Lin Lin,Wei Chen,Eugenia Mata Greenwood,Thitima Pengsuparp,John M. Pezzuto,Stephen H. Hughes,Thomas M. Flavin,Michael Cibulski,William A. Boulanger,Robert L. Shone,Ze-Qi Xu +16 more
TL;DR: The anti-HIV agent (+/-)-calanolide A (1) has been synthesized in a five-step approach starting with phloroglucinol, which includes Pechmann reaction, Friedel-Crafts acylation, chromenylation with 4,4-dimethoxy- 2-methylbutan-2-ol, cyclization, and Luche reduction.