Recent advances in the electrolytes for interfacial stability of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganes oxide (NCM), spinel lithium ion ion oxide (SILO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and highvoltage solvents in high-performance cells.
Abstract: Advanced electrolytes with unique functions such as in situ formation of a stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode and the cathode, and the improvement in oxidation stability of the electrolyte have recently gained recognition as a promising means for highly reliable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density. In this review, we describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), spinel lithium manganese nickel oxide (LNMO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and high-voltage solvents in high-performance cells.
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TL;DR: A highly adhesive and thermally stable copolyimide (P84) that is soluble in organic solvents is newly applied to silicon (Si) anodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries and it was found that the P84 binder functions well and maintains the mechanical integrity of Si anodes during hundreds of cycles.
Abstract: A highly adhesive and thermally stable copolyimide (P84) that is soluble in organic solvents is newly applied to silicon (Si) anodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. The Si anodes with the P84 binder deliver not only a little higher initial discharge capacity (2392 mAh g–1), but also fairly improved Coulombic efficiency (71.2%) compared with the Si anode using conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binder (2148 mAh g–1 and 61.2%, respectively), even though P84 is reduced irreversibly during the first charging process. This reduction behavior of P84 was systematically confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and Fourier-transform infrared analysis in attenuated total reflection mode of the Si anodes at differently charged voltages. The Si anode with P84 also shows ultrastable long-term cycle performance of 1313 mAh g–1 after 300 cycles at 1.2 A g–1 and 25 °C. From the morphological analysis on the basis of scanning electron microscopy and optical images and of the electrode adhesion properties determine...
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Li et al. showed that the cycling stability degradation of LiNi08Co015Al005O2 (NCA) cathode can be eliminated through applying diethyl phenylphosphonite (DEPP) as an electrolyte additive, as DEPP is capable of shielding HF besides its ability to construct a protective cathode interphase, resulting in an excellent cycling stability of the nickel-rich NCA cathode.
Abstract: A nickel-rich LiNi08Co015Al005O2 (NCA) cathode possesses high specific capacity and high discharge voltage, as the most promising cathode for high energy density lithium ion batteries, but suffers from serious cycling degradation The present study revealed that the NCA cathode is stable with excellent cycling stability at voltages below 42 V, but suffers from serious degradation at voltages above 435 V The characterization from SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, NMR, XRD and ICP as well as electrochemical measurements supported by theoretical calculations revealed that the trace of HF initially present in battery grade electrolytes likely induces the cycling stability degradation of the nickel-rich NCA cathode via accelerating the electrolyte decomposition Our further research demonstrated that such cycling stability degradation can be eliminated through applying diethyl phenylphosphonite (DEPP) as an electrolyte additive, as DEPP is capable of shielding HF besides its ability to construct a protective cathode interphase, resulting in an excellent cycling stability of the nickel-rich NCA cathode
88 citations
TL;DR: It is found that microcrack evolution in a single crystal occurs due to OV condensation in specific crystallographic orientations generated by the continuous migration of OVs and TM ions.
Abstract: Oxygen vacancies (OV) are native defects in transition metal (TM) oxides and their presence has a critical effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide. Metal oxides are commonly used in lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes and there is still a lack of understanding of the role of OVs in LIB research field. Here, we report on the behavior of OVs in a single-crystal LIB cathode during the non-equilibrium states of charge and discharge. We found that microcrack evolution in a single crystal occurs due to OV condensation in specific crystallographic orientations generated by the continuous migration of OVs and TM ions. Moreover, understanding the effects of the presence and diffusion of OVs in metal oxides enables the elucidation of most of the conventional mechanisms of capacity fading in LIBs and provides new insights for new electrochemical applications.
88 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the G-SEI on the cathode surface simultaneously suppress the structural distortion of the LiMn2O4 (the Jahn-Teller distortion) and the oxidation of conductive carbon through controlled diffusion of Li+ and restricted permeation of gases (O2 and COx), respectively.
Abstract: Aqueous lithium energy storage systems address environmental sustainability and safety issues. However, significant capacity fading after repeated cycles of charge-discharge and during float charge limit their practical application compared to their nonaqueous counterparts. We introduce an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to the aqueous systems and report the use of graphene films as an artificial SEI (G-SEI) that substantially enhance the overall performance of an aqueous lithium battery and a supercapacitor. The thickness (1 to 50 nm) and the surface area (1 cm 2 to 1 m 2 ) of the G-SEI are precisely controlled on the LiMn 2 O 4 -based cathode using the Langmuir trough–based techniques. The aqueous battery with a 10-nm-thick G-SEI exhibits a discharge capacity as high as 104 mA·hour g −1 after 600 cycles and a float charge current density as low as 1.03 mA g −1 after 1 day, 26% higher (74 mA·hour g −1 ) and 54% lower (1.88 mA g −1 ) than the battery without the G-SEI, respectively. We propose that the G-SEI on the cathode surface simultaneously suppress the structural distortion of the LiMn 2 O 4 (the Jahn-Teller distortion) and the oxidation of conductive carbon through controlled diffusion of Li + and restricted permeation of gases (O 2 and CO x ), respectively. The G-SEI on both small (~1 cm 2 in 1.15 mA·hour cell) and large (~9 cm 2 in 7 mA·hour cell) cathodes exhibit similar property enhancement, demonstrating excellent potential for scale-up and manufacturing.
87 citations
Cites background from "Recent advances in the electrolytes..."
...Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the nonaqueous Li storage systems forms in situ from the reactions between the electrode surface and the organic compounds in the electrolytes and can significantly alleviate irreversible side reactions (26)....
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TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper used a renewable biomass lignin binder with numerous phenol groups, which can significantly suppress the free radical chain reaction and subsequently generate a compatible multi-dimensional interphase between the electrode and electrolyte.
Abstract: 5 V lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are promising candidates for high energy density batteries. However, conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolyte is vulnerable to oxidative decomposition caused by free radical attack, which leads to poor cycling performance of the 5 V LIBs. Herein, we present a novel strategy based on the free radical scavenging effect to suppress the electrolyte decomposition of 5 V class batteries composed of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes and carbonate-based electrolyte. Our strategy is to scavenge the free radicals during the charging process at the cathode interface by adopting a renewable biomass lignin binder with numerous phenol groups, which can significantly suppress the free radical chain reaction and subsequently generate a compatible multi-dimensional interphase between the electrode and electrolyte. The lignin based electrode exhibited a capacity retention of 94.1% after 1000 cycles, which is significantly higher than that of its PVDF counterpart (46.2%). This work represents a milestone contribution to the strategy for resolving the interfacial issue of high voltage cathode materials, initiating a big step in boosting 5 V batteries.
86 citations
References
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TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
Abstract: Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries, highlight ongoing research strategies, and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems.
17,496 citations
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract: The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
11,144 citations
TL;DR: The energy that can be stored in Li-air and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed.
Abstract: Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion batteries is a formidable challenge; there are few options. Here we consider two: Li-air (O(2)) and Li-S. The energy that can be stored in Li-air (based on aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes) and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed. Fundamental scientific advances in understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li-air and Li-S justify the continued research effort that will be needed.
7,895 citations
TL;DR: The phytochemical properties of Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate and its Derivatives are as follows: 2.2.1.
Abstract: 2.1. Solvents 4307 2.1.1. Propylene Carbonate (PC) 4308 2.1.2. Ethers 4308 2.1.3. Ethylene Carbonate (EC) 4309 2.1.4. Linear Dialkyl Carbonates 4310 2.2. Lithium Salts 4310 2.2.1. Lithium Perchlorate (LiClO4) 4311 2.2.2. Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6) 4312 2.2.3. Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) 4312 2.2.4. Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) 4312 2.2.5. Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiIm) and Its Derivatives 4313
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TL;DR: The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.
Abstract: Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and “load leveling” of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.
2,412 citations