Recent advances in the electrolytes for interfacial stability of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganes oxide (NCM), spinel lithium ion ion oxide (SILO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and highvoltage solvents in high-performance cells.
Abstract: Advanced electrolytes with unique functions such as in situ formation of a stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode and the cathode, and the improvement in oxidation stability of the electrolyte have recently gained recognition as a promising means for highly reliable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density. In this review, we describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), spinel lithium manganese nickel oxide (LNMO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and high-voltage solvents in high-performance cells.
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TL;DR: This review gives an account of the various emerging high-voltage positive electrode materials that have the potential to satisfy the requirements of lithium-ion batteries either in the short or long term, including nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium- rich layeredOxides, high- voltage spinel oxide compounds, and high- voltage polyanionic compounds.
Abstract: The ever-growing demand for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in portable electronics and electric vehicles has spurred intensive research efforts over the past decade. The key to sustaining the progress in Li-ion batteries lies in the quest for safe, low-cost positive electrode (cathode) materials with desirable energy and power capabilities. One approach to boost the energy and power densities of batteries is to increase the output voltage while maintaining a high capacity, fast charge–discharge rate, and long service life. This review gives an account of the various emerging high-voltage positive electrode materials that have the potential to satisfy these requirements either in the short or long term, including nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium-rich layered oxides, high-voltage spinel oxides, and high-voltage polyanionic compounds. The key barriers and the corresponding strategies for the practical viability of these cathode materials are discussed along with the optimization of electrolytes and other cell components, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in the literature. A concise perspective with respect to plausible strategies for future developments in the field is also provided.
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TL;DR: This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied in lithium metal rechargeable batteries and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.
Abstract: Lithium metal (Li0 ) rechargeable batteries (LMBs), such as systems with a Li0 anode and intercalation and/or conversion type cathode, lithium-sulfur (Li-S), and lithium-oxygen (O2 )/air (Li-O2 /air) batteries, are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system, with the aim of sustainable mobility. Although some rechargeable LMBs (e.g. Li0 /LiFePO4 batteries from Bollore Bluecar, Li-S batteries from OXIS Energy and Sion Power) are already commercially viable in niche applications, their large-scale deployment is hampered by a number of formidable challenges, including growth of lithium dendrites, electrolyte instability towards high voltage intercalation-type cathodes, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of sulfur (S8 ) and O2 , as well as their corresponding reduction products (e.g. Li2 S and Li2 O), dissolution, and shuttling of polysulfide (PS) intermediates. This leads to a short lifecycle, low coulombic/energy efficiency, poor safety, and a high self-discharge rate. The use of electrolyte additives is considered one of the most economical and effective approaches for circumventing these problems. This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an ammonium-containing ionic liquid (methyltrioctylammonium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide, MTO-TFSI) is shown to permit the cycling of both, graphite and lithium cobalt oxide when VC is used as additive in small amounts, but at slightly elevated temperatures.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the stability of spinels stored at different states of charge were evaluated and it was found that Mn dissolution took place irreversibly from the charged state with formation of MnF 2, ramsdellite, and Li 0.5 MnO 2.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the decomposition and stability of organic solvents, including diethyl carbonate (DEC), DMC, GBL, and ethylene carbonate, were investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in which solvent was modeled as a dielectric continuum.
Abstract: The decomposition of and the stability of in organic solvents, diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), and ethylene carbonate (EC), have been investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in which solvent was modeled as a dielectric continuum, and also by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which treated solvents explicitly. Both calculations showed a similar trend in which the decomposition was further promoted in more polar solvents, yet the DFT calculations predicted an endothermic decomposition, while the MD simulations indicated exothermic. This sharp contrast in the results suggests strong solute-solvent interactions, especially for which were not accounted for in the DFT calculations. The specific interaction between and solvent was further investigated by DFT calculations for adduct models and also by the MD simulations for solutions. Both calculations suggest a stable formation of a -solvent adduct in solution and its stability depends on the solvent. It was found that is more stabilized in polar and sterically compact solvents such as EC and GBL than in less polar and bulky, linear carbonates such as DMC and DEC. The reactivity of with organic solvents and the difference in the stability of between organic and aqueous solution are also discussed. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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TL;DR: In this article, the solid electrolyte interface on graphite formed by LiBOB-based electrolyte was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and it was shown that due to the BOB anion presence, the content of semicarbonate-like components in the graphite/electrolyte interface increases significantly, as indicated by the conspicuous peak located at 289 eV.
Abstract: To understand the source of thermal stability of LiBOB-based electrolyte in lithium-ion cells as well as its unique ability to stabilize graphitic anodes even in the strongly exfoliating solvent propylene carbonate (PC), the solid electrolyte interface on graphite formed by LiBOB-based electrolyte was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Preliminary results show that, due to the BOB anion presence, the content of semicarbonate-like components in the graphite/electrolyte interface increases significantly, as indicated by the conspicuous peak located at 289 eV. These components, believed to originate from the oxalato moiety of the anion, are mainly responsible for the protection of graphitic anodes, either at elevated temperatures or in the presence of PC. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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