Recent advances in the electrolytes for interfacial stability of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganes oxide (NCM), spinel lithium ion ion oxide (SILO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and highvoltage solvents in high-performance cells.
Abstract: Advanced electrolytes with unique functions such as in situ formation of a stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode and the cathode, and the improvement in oxidation stability of the electrolyte have recently gained recognition as a promising means for highly reliable lithium-ion batteries with high energy density. In this review, we describe several challenges for the cathode (spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), spinel lithium manganese nickel oxide (LNMO), and lithium-rich layered oxide (Li-rich cathode))-electrolyte interfaces and highlight the recent progress in the use of oxidative additives and high-voltage solvents in high-performance cells.
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TL;DR: This review gives an account of the various emerging high-voltage positive electrode materials that have the potential to satisfy the requirements of lithium-ion batteries either in the short or long term, including nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium- rich layeredOxides, high- voltage spinel oxide compounds, and high- voltage polyanionic compounds.
Abstract: The ever-growing demand for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in portable electronics and electric vehicles has spurred intensive research efforts over the past decade. The key to sustaining the progress in Li-ion batteries lies in the quest for safe, low-cost positive electrode (cathode) materials with desirable energy and power capabilities. One approach to boost the energy and power densities of batteries is to increase the output voltage while maintaining a high capacity, fast charge–discharge rate, and long service life. This review gives an account of the various emerging high-voltage positive electrode materials that have the potential to satisfy these requirements either in the short or long term, including nickel-rich layered oxides, lithium-rich layered oxides, high-voltage spinel oxides, and high-voltage polyanionic compounds. The key barriers and the corresponding strategies for the practical viability of these cathode materials are discussed along with the optimization of electrolytes and other cell components, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in the literature. A concise perspective with respect to plausible strategies for future developments in the field is also provided.
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TL;DR: This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied in lithium metal rechargeable batteries and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.
Abstract: Lithium metal (Li0 ) rechargeable batteries (LMBs), such as systems with a Li0 anode and intercalation and/or conversion type cathode, lithium-sulfur (Li-S), and lithium-oxygen (O2 )/air (Li-O2 /air) batteries, are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system, with the aim of sustainable mobility. Although some rechargeable LMBs (e.g. Li0 /LiFePO4 batteries from Bollore Bluecar, Li-S batteries from OXIS Energy and Sion Power) are already commercially viable in niche applications, their large-scale deployment is hampered by a number of formidable challenges, including growth of lithium dendrites, electrolyte instability towards high voltage intercalation-type cathodes, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of sulfur (S8 ) and O2 , as well as their corresponding reduction products (e.g. Li2 S and Li2 O), dissolution, and shuttling of polysulfide (PS) intermediates. This leads to a short lifecycle, low coulombic/energy efficiency, poor safety, and a high self-discharge rate. The use of electrolyte additives is considered one of the most economical and effective approaches for circumventing these problems. This Review gives an overview of the various functional additives that are being applied and aims to stimulate new avenues for the practical realization of these appealing devices.
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TL;DR: In this paper, LiBOB was used as an additive for the stabilization of a high-voltage cathode-electrolyte interface, and the electrochemical performance of Li/LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cells with a Li-BOB additive was improved at 60°C.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, LiBOB was used as an additive in propylene carbonate (PC)-rich electrolytes that uses as the conductive solute to prevent exfoliation.
Abstract: Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) was tested as an additive in propylene carbonate (PC)-rich electrolytes that uses as the conductive solute. At as low as 5% molar LiBOB showed a distinctive additive effect, i.e., its participation in the initial surface chemistry on graphitic anode surface effectively prevented exfoliation. This property of LiBOB provides an opportunity of formulating PC-rich electrolytes with improvements in rate capabilities and performances at both high and low temperatures, as compared with the electrolytes based on or LiBOB as the sole electrolyte solute.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 2-vinylpyridine (VP) was used as an additive in the electrolyte to suppress the degradation of the carbon anode, which was induced by electroreduction of Mn(II) dissolved from the spinel; this step is followed by the irreversible electrochemical reaction at the graphite/(Mn deposits)/electrolyte interface.
Abstract: For lithium-ion batteries of C/(spinel Li-Mn-O), severe capacity loss occurs after storage of the battery at >50°C. According to our previous studies, this occurrence is predominantly attributable to degradation of the carbon anode, which was induced by electroreduction of Mn(II) dissolved from the spinel; this step is followed by the irreversible electrochemical reaction at the graphite/(Mn deposits)/electrolyte interface. 2-Vinylpyridine (VP) used as an additive in the electrolyte suppressed this degradation; therefore, improving the battery performances. During the first "charge," the electrochemical reductive polymerization of VP monomers at about 0.9 V vs. Li/Li + resulted in the film formation of poly(2-vinylpyridine) on the graphite surface. The quantity of charge passed for the polymeric film formation depends on the amount of VP addition. Surface analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy confirmed that the electrodeposited film blocked the electroreduction of dissolved Mn(II) on the graphite electrode.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the storage characteristics of a manganese spinel at various discharge depths and 80°C were examined in 1 M LiPF 6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:2 by volume) electrolyte.
Abstract: The storage characteristics of a manganese spinel at various discharge depths and 80°C were examined in 1 M LiPF 6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:2 by volume) electrolyte. The quantities of Mn dissolution and discharge-capacity loss were measured after the cathode at each discharge depth had been exposed to the electrolyte at 80°C. The quantities of dissolved manganese in the solution were less than 1.2% of the total manganese in all cathodes examined. Little capacity fading (3%) was found in the fully charged cathode, but a 59% capacity loss was observed in the fully discharged cathode. Correlations of the capacity loss with the X-ray diffraction peak widths were found, and the amount of capacity loss increased with broadening peak width. On the other hand, no correlation between the amount of Mn dissolution and the capacity loss was found. From these results, we propose a mechanism of the capacity fading of the spinel LiMn 2 O 4 stored at elevated temperatures as follows: lattice defects in the spinel due to Mn dissolution cause disordered crystal structures and as a result, the Li insertion-extraction paths are blocked, leading to capacity fading.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a low cost high power Li-ion batteries with excellent safety, as well as long cycle and calendar life, lithium manganese oxide spinel and layered lithium nickel cobalt manganized oxide cathode materials were investigated.
91 citations