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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions

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TLDR
In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions.
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4, whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.

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Citations
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Visible-Light Photocatalysis: Does It Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis?

TL;DR: This Review compares classical and photocatalytic procedures for selected classes of reactions and highlights their advantages and limitations.
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Visible-Light-Induced Organic Photochemical Reactions through Energy-Transfer Pathways.

TL;DR: This Review highlights the most recent advances in visible-light-induced EnT reactions, which provide a distinct reaction pathway for single-electron transfer reactions.
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Exploration of Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Heterocycle Synthesis and Functionalization: Reaction Design and Beyond.

TL;DR: This Account presents a panoramic view and the logic of the recent contributions to the design, development, and application of photocatalytic systems and reactions that provide not only methods for the efficient synthesis of heterocycles but also useful insights into the exploration of new photochemical reactions.
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Triplet Energy Transfer Photocatalysis: Unlocking the Next Level

TL;DR: Energy transfer can leverage the enormous potential of excited-state reactivity as discussed by the authors, allowing for, e.g., cycloadditions, fragmentations, rearrangements, or challenging organometallic steps.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A Theory of Sensitized Luminescence in Solids

TL;DR: In this article, the resonance theory of Forster, which involves only allowed transitions, is extended to include transfer by means of forbidden transitions which, it is concluded, are responsible for the transfer in all inorganic systems yet investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis with Transition Metal Complexes: Applications in Organic Synthesis

TL;DR: The conversion of these bench stable, benign catalysts to redox-active species upon irradiation with simple household lightbulbs represents a remarkably chemoselective trigger to induce unique and valuable catalytic processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Visible light photoredox catalysis: applications in organic synthesis

TL;DR: This tutorial review provides a historical overview of visible light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis along with recent examples which underscore its vast potential to initiate organic transformations.
Book

Handbook of photochemistry

TL;DR: Hammett et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a triplet-state diffusion-controlled triplet state diffusion-controlled rate for photolysis of organic molecules in solution, where triplets are derived from triplets of the triplets.
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