Recent developments and applications of protective silicone coatings: A review of PDMS functional materials
TL;DR: The classification of silicones in the literature is as broad as their properties and applications; in this work, we have restricted the discussion to polydimethylsiloxanes as discussed by the authors.
About: This article is published in Progress in Organic Coatings.The article was published on 2017-10-01. It has received 360 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Silicone & Polydimethylsiloxane.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of surface modifications of PDMS, inducing properties such as hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, anti-fouling, energy harvesting, and energy storage (supercapacitors) are discussed.
375 citations
TL;DR: The strategies for fabricating stretchable electronics on PDMS substrates are summarized, and the influence of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS, including surface chemical status, physical modulus, geometric structures, and self-healing properties, on the performance of stretchable Electronics is discussed.
Abstract: Stretchable electronics, which can retain their functions under stretching, have attracted great interest in recent decades. Elastic substrates, which bear the applied strain and regulate the strain distribution in circuits, are indispensable components in stretchable electronics. Moreover, the self-healing property of the substrate is a premise to endow stretchable electronics with the same characteristics, so the device may recover from failure resulting from large and frequent deformations. Therefore, the properties of the elastic substrate are crucial to the overall performance of stretchable devices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as the substrate material for stretchable electronics, not only because of its advantages, which include stable chemical properties, good thermal stability, transparency, and biological compatibility, but also because of its capability of attaining designer functionalities via surface modification and bulk property tailoring. Herein, the strategies for fabricating stretchable electronics on PDMS substrates are summarized, and the influence of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS, including surface chemical status, physical modulus, geometric structures, and self-healing properties, on the performance of stretchable electronics is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates are considered.
233 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outlined sources of hydrogen attack as well as their induced failure mechanisms in pipeline steels and highlighted several past and recent studies supporting them in line with understanding of the effect of hydrogen on pipeline steel failure.
175 citations
TL;DR: The main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed.
Abstract: Silicon-based polymers are outstanding materials for coating applications. These compounds have excellent properties, such as strong adhesion to most substrates, and high chemical, thermal and UV resistance. Additionally, they can be converted into ceramic materials (polymer-derived ceramics) by a heat treatment and, in some cases, by chemical reactions or radiation. Hence, ceramic coatings can be obtained after deposition of the polymers by simple lacquer techniques. The properties and composition of polymeric and ceramic coatings can be changed by tailoring the chemical structure of the precursors or by the addition of fillers. This enables the preparation of coatings with a great variety of properties for different applications. In this review paper, the main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed. Finally, a summary of the applications and the prospects for future research are presented.
172 citations
TL;DR: The stable binding of ZnO-PDMS layer onto the fibers allows for the fabric coating with robust superhydrophobicity, and the coated fabric still displays superhydrophic property after hand twisting, knife scratching, finger touching, and even cycles of sandpaper abrasion.
129 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the entire process leading to polymer solar cells is broken down into the individual steps and the available techniques and materials for each step are described with focus on the particular advantages and disadvantages associated with each case.
3,090 citations
TL;DR: The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed and ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.
Abstract: The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.
2,278 citations
TL;DR: This Review surveys the latest efforts in which the reduction of irreversible fouling is attempted by the modification of the membrane surface.
Abstract: Fouling is the deposition of retained particles, colloids, macromolecules, salts, etc., at the membrane surface or inside the pore at the pore wall. Fouling reduces the membrane flux either temporarily or permanently. While the initial flux can be restored by washing the membrane or by applying back-pressures to the temporarily fouled membrane, it cannot be restored when the membrane becomes permanently fouled. The main focus of this Review is on the permanent flux decline. The fouling is caused by the interaction between the membrane surface and the foulants, which include inorganic, organic, and biological substances in many different forms. The foulants not only physically interact with the membrane surface but also chemically degrade the membrane material. For example, colloidal particles, such as natural organic matter (NOM), are considered as the main reason for membrane fouling, which could be controlled by the permeation hindrance and electric double layer repulsion. The formation of biofilms with extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and microbial cells matrix is the example of biofouling.1 Biofilms are developed by the microbial cell adhesion and subsequent colonization on the membrane surfaces through EPS, which may account for 50-90% of total organic carbon. The biofouling could be minimized by periodical washing with chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite solution, but it will result in the simultaneous degradation of the membrane material’s lifetime. It is a severe problem for membranes used in pressure-driven processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), and microfiltration (MF) and also for other membrane processes, seriously hampering the applications of membrane processes. Hence, membrane fouling as well as its reduction has been a subject of many academic studies and industrial research and development efforts since the early 1960s when industrial membrane separation processes emerged. Selection of an appropriate membrane, pretreatment of the process fluid, adjustment of operating design, and conditions are all known to control fouling to some extent. On the other hand, development of absolutely nonfouling membranes seems extremely difficult, if not totally impossible. This Review surveys the latest efforts in which the reduction of irreversible fouling is attempted by the modification of the membrane surface. The separation process by membrane is essentially a surface phenomenon. More specifically, the skin layer or top surface layer plays the vital role. Therefore, it is a natural consequence to modify membrane surface for reducing the fouling. It is generally accepted that an increase in hydrophilicity offers better fouling resistance because protein and many other foulants are hydrophobic in nature. Most nanofiltration membranes are electrically charged, which significantly reduces the scale-formation. During the past decade, the emergence of atomic force microscopy (AFM) enabled us to study the effect of the surface roughness in nanoscale on the membrane fouling. It is believed that the membrane fouling with particulate substance is enhanced by an increase in the surface roughness. It is shown in this Review that all of the above concepts, except for the membrane surface charge, are based on correlation of data, which are, at best, valid within a limited range of surface property parameters. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (613) 562-5800, ext 6085. Fax: (613) 562-5172. E-mail: rana@eng.uottawa.ca. Dipak Rana is presently a Research Scientist in the Industrial Membrane Research Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Rana has been a member of various prestigious organizations, such as the Indian Chemical Society, Society for Polymer Science, India, Society of Plastics Engineers, USA, American Chemical Society, etc., for a long period. He was awarded a Ph.D. in Science from Jadavpur University, Calcutta (presently Kolkata), when he was working at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, India. He received his Master in Chemistry with specialization in Physical Chemistry as well as his Bachelor with Honors in Chemistry from the University of Calcutta, India. Dr. Rana has published over 50 professional papers and book chapters. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 2448–2471 2448
1,812 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1968
Abstract: Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this chemistry and technology of silicones, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
1,681 citations