Recent developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives.
TL;DR: The most important parameters (molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, etc.) are discussed along with a status update on the mode of action of chitosan.
About: This article is published in Carbohydrate Polymers.The article was published on 2017-05-15. It has received 549 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Chitosan.
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TL;DR: The most common chitosan processing methods are summarized and some applications of chitOSan in various industrial and biomedical fields are highlighted, including antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, ease of modification, and biodegradability.
691 citations
TL;DR: The antimicrobial chitosan derivatives have been classified on the basis of the type of functional group conjugated to the polymer backbone and the influence of the degree of substitution on the biological properties has been examined.
547 citations
TL;DR: This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in the preparation and application of engineered chitosan-based films in food packaging fields and focuses on antibacterial food packaging films.
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed great developments in biobased polymer packaging films for the serious environmental problems caused by the petroleum-based nonbiodegradable packaging materials. Chitosan is one of the most abundant biopolymers after cellulose. Chitosan-based materials have been widely applied in various fields for their biological and physical properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial ability, and easy film forming ability. Different chitosan-based films have been fabricated and applied in the field of food packaging. Most of the review papers related to chitosan-based films are focusing on antibacterial food packaging films. Along with the advances in the nanotechnology and polymer science, numerous strategies, for instance direct casting, coating, dipping, layer-by-layer assembly, and extrusion, have been employed to prepare chitosan-based films with multiple functionalities. The emerging food packaging applications of chitosan-based films as antibacterial films, barrie...
453 citations
TL;DR: The most recent applications of CMC derivatives with antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, antioxidant and antifungal biological activities in various areas like wound healing, tissue engineering, drug/enzyme delivery, bioimaging and cosmetics are highlighted.
373 citations
TL;DR: In this article, demand for healthy and safe food with minimal use of synthetic inputs (including synthetic preservatives) is increasing rapidly, and the need for healthy food has been increasing rapidly.
Abstract: Background: Demand for healthy and safe food with minimal use of synthetic inputs (including synthetic preservatives) is increasing rapidly. Plastic polymers being hazardous to the environment, sig ...
372 citations
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TL;DR: The current review of 129 references describes the biological activity of several chitosan derivatives and the modes of action that have been postulated in the literature.
2,615 citations
TL;DR: The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action and different physical states are comparatively discussed.
2,260 citations
TL;DR: Several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Abstract: This review describes the most common methods for recovery of chitin from marine organisms. In depth, both enzymatic and chemical treatments for the step of deproteinization are compared, as well as different conditions for demineralization. The conditions of chitosan preparation are also discussed, since they significantly impact the synthesis of chitosan with varying degree of acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). In addition, the main characterization techniques applied for chitin and chitosan are recalled, pointing out the role of their solubility in relation with the chemical structure (mainly the acetyl group distribution along the backbone). Biological activities are also presented, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant. Interestingly, the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity is demonstrated for chitosan molecules with different DA and MW and homogeneous distribution of acetyl groups for the first time. In the end, several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
1,554 citations
TL;DR: Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and copper-loaded nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of various bacteria tested and exposed to S. choleraesuis led to the disruption of cell membranes and the leakage of cytoplasm.
1,490 citations
TL;DR: Antibacterial activities of chitosan was inversely affected by pH (pH 4.5-5.9 range tested), with higher activity at lower pH value, and bactericidal effects with gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria in the presence of 0.1% chitOSan.
1,382 citations