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Recent Progress on Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Tumor Microenvironment, Nanotechnology and More.

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TLDR
In this article, the use of nanotechnology for the imaging of predictive biomarkers and the combination with other therapeutic modalities presents a number of advantages for the immunotherapy of breast cancer patients.
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a major emerging treatment for breast cancer (BC). However, not all breast cancer patients derive benefit from immunotherapy. Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy, such as tumor mutation burden and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, are promising to stratify the patients with BC and optimize the therapeutic effect. Various targets of the immune response pathway have also been explored to expand the modalities of immunotherapy. The use of nanotechnology for the imaging of predictive biomarkers and the combination with other therapeutic modalities presents a number of advantages for the immunotherapy of BC. In this review, we summary the emerging therapeutic modalities of immunotherapy, present prominent examples of immunotherapy in BC, and discuss the future opportunity of nanotechnology in the immunotherapy of BC.

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Journal ArticleDOI

New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Advanced Breast Cancer

TL;DR: Novel targeted breast cancer treatments are summarized and the possible implications of combination therapy are explored, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy against critical checkpoints and/or pathways in cell growth.
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Vaccination against Her-2/neu, with focus on peptide-based vaccines

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarized the main approaches investigated and undertaken for the production of Her-2/neu vaccine candidates, with the main focus on peptide-based vaccines and their evaluation in clinical settings.
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The Degree of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Positivity as a Determinant of Outcomes in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

TL;DR: In metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, in patients with ≥1% positivity, atezolizumab was found to determine a significantly better OS than pembrolIZumab, and adopting a threshold of PD-L1 positivity ≥10% improved median survival to a remarkable extent.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dissecting the Role of N6-Methylandenosine-Related Long Non-coding RNAs Signature in Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper identified m6A-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and stratified BC patients into different subgroups.
References
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Journal Article

A New Concept for Macromolecular Therapeutics in Cancer Chemotherapy: Mechanism of Tumoritropic Accumulation of Proteins and the Antitumor Agent Smancs

TL;DR: It is speculated that the tumoritropic accumulation of smancs and other proteins resulted because of the hypervasculature, an enhanced permeability to even macromolecules, and little recovery through either blood vessels or lymphatic vessels in tumors of tumor-bearing mice.
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Atezolizumab and Nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

TL;DR: Atezolizumab plus nab‐paclitaxel prolonged progression‐free survival among patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer in both the intention‐to‐treat population and the PD‐L1–positive subgroup.
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Tumor Mutational Burden as an Independent Predictor of Response to Immunotherapy in Diverse Cancers.

TL;DR: Higher TMB predicts favorable outcome to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade across diverse cancers treated with various immunotherapies, and Benefit from dual checkpoint blockade did not show a similarly strong dependence on TMB.
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Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response

TL;DR: The development of rational drug combinations that can simultaneously target tumor cells and the microenvironment may represent a solution to overcome therapeutic resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI

PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

TL;DR: Using tissue microarrays containing 105 triple-negative breast cancer specimens, Mittendorf and colleagues show that 20% of the TNBC specimens express PD-L1, half have lost PTEN, and inhibitors of PI3K pathway decrease PD- l1 expression, providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting of PD- L1 for TNBC.
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